Rickets
Rickets is a pediatric skeletal disorder resulting from defective mineralization of the growth plates due to prolonged deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. The…
Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease characterized by the softening of bones due to impaired bone mineralization. It predominantly occurs in adults and is commonly…
Hypocalcemia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Hypocalcemia refers to a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood. Calcium plays a crucial role in bone strength, muscle function, nerve…
Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Chronic Renal Failure
Hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure, also known as secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), is a common complication in patients with long-term kidney disease. This condition arises…