PDA in newborns

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital cardiac anomaly in which the ductus arteriosus—a fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta—fails to close after birth. This persistent opening leads to abnormal circulation between the systemic and pulmonary arteries, resulting in increased workload on the heart and lungs. During fetal development, the ductus