Pre-menopausal osteoporosis refers to the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in women prior to the cessation of menstruation. While osteoporosis is often associated with post-menopausal women, a growing body of evidence highlights its presence in younger females. This condition, though less common, carries significant morbidity due to increased risk of fragility fractures, chronic pain,
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone treatment for advanced prostate cancer, effectively reducing testosterone levels to slow cancer progression. However, this therapy is associated with significant adverse effects, particularly loss of bone mineral density (BMD), leading to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Understanding the mechanisms, risk factors, and preventive strategies is crucial for optimizing
Bilateral oophorectomy, the surgical removal of both ovaries, leads to an abrupt decline in estrogen levels. This significant hormonal change results in hypoestrogenism, which can have profound effects on physical, emotional, and sexual well-being. Understanding Hypoestrogenism Hypoestrogenism refers to a deficiency of estrogen, a crucial hormone in regulating various bodily functions. Estrogen is essential for