Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by a reduced drive to breathe due to the pharmacologic effects of opioid medications on the…
Opioid-Induced Constipation (OIC)
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is one of the most prevalent and distressing adverse effects of opioid therapy. Unlike other opioid side effects such as sedation or…