Renal Tubular Acidosis
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disorder of the kidneys that results in an accumulation of acid in the body. This condition occurs when the…
Renal Disease with Edema
Renal disease with edema refers to kidney conditions where the body retains excess fluid, leading to swelling or edema, particularly in the legs, ankles, and…
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition marked by heavy proteinuria (≥3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral edema. It signifies a disturbance in the glomerular filtration…
Kidney Disease with Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Kidney disease, particularly when marked by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), presents significant health challenges. GFR is a critical indicator of renal function,…
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disorder characterized by the accumulation of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposits in the glomeruli.…
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by long-term diabetes mellitus, characterized by glomerular damage, proteinuria, and eventual renal failure. The presence of…