Ventricular arrhythmias are potentially life-threatening cardiac rhythm disturbances originating from the ventricles. They range from benign premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) to lethal ventricular fibrillation (VF).…
Recurrent atrial flutter is a common and challenging supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by rapid, regular atrial contractions, typically around 240–340 bpm. Often caused by a macro-reentrant…
Bradycardia is a condition characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute in adults. While a slow heart…