type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction, resulting in hyperglycemia. It accounts for over…
diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent complication among individuals with diabetes, characterized by damage to the peripheral nerves. This condition often manifests in conjunction…
diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by long-term diabetes mellitus, characterized by glomerular damage, proteinuria, and eventual renal failure. The presence of…