Trichinosis, also known as trichinellosis, is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella. It predominantly arises from the consumption of undercooked or raw meat infected with Trichinella larvae, most commonly pork or wild game. The disease poses a significant public health concern worldwide, especially in regions where meat inspection and cooking
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) presents a significant clinical challenge within psychiatric care. Defined as the persistence of psychotic symptoms despite adequate trials of at least two antipsychotic medications, TRS affects approximately 20-30% of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Its complex pathophysiology and heterogeneous clinical presentation demand a nuanced and multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. Defining Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Diagnostic Criteria
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Managing its progression requires a multifaceted strategy involving pharmacologic therapy, lifestyle modification, dietary intervention, and sometimes procedural or surgical approaches. By employing evidence-based treatments, we can significantly reduce the burden of atherosclerotic plaque buildup and prevent acute coronary events. Understanding the Progression of Coronary
Mydriasis, the abnormal dilation of the pupil, often results from the pharmacologic action of ophthalmic agents, particularly adrenergic agonists and anticholinergic compounds. These agents are commonly used in ophthalmology for diagnostic procedures, such as fundus examinations and intraocular pressure assessments. However, prolonged or unintended mydriasis may interfere with visual acuity, induce photophobia, or complicate ocular
Traveler’s diarrhea is the most common illness among international travelers, particularly those visiting regions with limited access to clean water and food sanitation. Among its many bacterial causes, noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli—primarily Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)—are the leading pathogens. These organisms cause secretory diarrhea without penetrating the intestinal mucosa,
Traveler’s diarrhea (TD) is the most common illness affecting international travelers, particularly those visiting low- and middle-income countries. It is typically caused by ingesting contaminated food or water and leads to acute gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and sometimes fever and vomiting. While most cases are self-limiting, untreated severe episodes can result in
Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), is a gram-positive, beta-hemolytic bacterium responsible for a spectrum of infections. Among these, traumatic skin lesion S. pyogenes infections are particularly concerning due to the organism’s aggressive nature and potential to invade deep tissues. Following skin trauma — including lacerations, abrasions, puncture wounds, or surgical incisions