Refractory Aspergillosis
Refractory aspergillosis refers to invasive aspergillosis (IA) that fails to respond to standard first-line antifungal therapy, typically voriconazole or other triazoles. This serious, life-threatening condition…
Reflux Esophagitis
Reflux esophagitis is a subtype of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) characterized by inflammation, irritation, or swelling of the esophageal lining due to repeated exposure to…
Reduction of Blood Transfusions in Cold Agglutinin Disease
Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia characterized by the destruction of red blood cells at low temperatures due to the presence…
Reduction of Allogeneic Blood Transfusion in Surgery
The reduction of allogeneic blood transfusion in surgery has become a cornerstone of modern surgical and anesthetic practice. Our primary aim is to optimize patient…
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is defined as four or more documented episodes of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis within a 12-month period. It affects millions of women…
Recurrent Pericarditis
Recurrent pericarditis is defined as the reappearance of pericardial inflammation after a symptom-free interval of four to six weeks following an initial episode. It represents…
Recurrent Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex
Recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex is characterized by repeated outbreaks of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, affecting the skin and mucous membranes. The causative agents, HSV-1…
Recurrent Herpes Simplex Labialis
Recurrent herpes simplex labialis (HSL) is the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) manifesting predominantly as vesicular lesions on the lips and perioral…
Recurrent Herpes Genitalis
Recurrent herpes genitalis is a common manifestation of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, although herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may also be…
Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection
Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) presents a growing healthcare challenge worldwide. It is characterized by the reappearance of symptomatic infection within eight weeks following the…