Dextran solutions, particularly Dextran 40 and Dextran 70, are commonly used as volume expanders in medical practice, especially in emergency and critical care settings. These polysaccharide solutions are frequently administered to treat hypovolemia, shock, and blood loss, as they are effective in increasing plasma volume. However, despite their widespread use, they can occasionally trigger adverse
Tympanostomy tube insertion, commonly known as ear tube surgery, is a frequently performed procedure designed to treat recurrent ear infections, chronic otitis media with effusion, or other middle ear disorders. Though this surgery can provide significant relief for patients, particularly children, it comes with a set of potential complications. Prophylaxis, or preventive measures, plays a
Progressive vaccinia (PV) is a rare and severe complication of the smallpox vaccination, primarily affecting individuals with weakened immune systems. The disease is caused by the vaccinia virus, a virus used in the smallpox vaccine. While smallpox eradication has been successful, the risk of progressive vaccinia still poses a threat to those with compromised immunity.
Progressive keratoconus is a complex and degenerative eye condition that affects the cornea, leading to visual impairment due to corneal thinning and distortion. This condition gradually worsens over time, causing the cornea to become more conical in shape, which disrupts the normal focusing ability of the eye. The condition can significantly affect an individual’s quality
Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) is a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by the progressive scarring of lung tissue. This condition involves the interstitium, which is the tissue and space surrounding the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. The disease often leads to a gradual decline in lung function, making early detection and timely
Progressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal B-cells in the lymphatic system. DLBCL can arise in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, or extranodal tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and central nervous system. The disease progresses rapidly, which
Progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to the abnormal growth of white blood cells known as lymphocytes. As CLL progresses, these cells multiply uncontrollably and impair the body’s immune system. This article will explore the key aspects of progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia, including
Proctitis is an inflammatory condition of the rectum, characterized by swelling and irritation. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and radiation therapy. The condition is often painful, and its symptoms can significantly impact the quality of life of those affected. In this article, we will explore
Processing-deficient progeroid laminopathy linked to a heterozygous LMNA mutation is a rare genetic disorder marked by premature aging features and multisystem involvement. The disorder arises from defects in the post-translational processing of lamin A, a key structural protein of the nuclear envelope encoded by the LMNA gene. The pathological consequence is a toxic buildup of
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) is a distinct subtype of multiple sclerosis characterized by a steady neurological decline from onset without clear relapses or remissions. Unlike relapsing-remitting MS, PPMS represents approximately 10–15% of all MS cases and typically presents later in life, often around the age of 40. The progressive nature of PPMS stems from