Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a transformative physiological state, characterized by the development of a fetus within the uterus, beginning with conception and culminating in childbirth. Spanning approximately…
Precocious Puberty
Precocious puberty refers to the onset of puberty at an unusually early age—before 8 in girls and before 9 in boys. This condition accelerates the…
Pre-Op Apprehension
Pre-op apprehension, also referred to as preoperative anxiety, describes the psychological distress experienced by patients before undergoing surgery. This emotional state, characterized by fear, worry,…
Pre-Menopausal Osteoporosis
Pre-menopausal osteoporosis refers to the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in women prior to the cessation of menstruation. While osteoporosis is often associated with…
Pre-Existing Hypertension During Pregnancy
Pre-existing hypertension during pregnancy, also known as chronic hypertension, refers to elevated blood pressure diagnosed before pregnancy or before 20 weeks of gestation. This condition…
Pre-Exertional Prophylaxis of Anginal Pain
Angina pectoris is a clinical manifestation of myocardial ischemia, typically triggered by increased oxygen demand during physical or emotional exertion. The resulting chest discomfort stems…
Posttransfusion Purpura (PTP)
Posttransfusion purpura (PTP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening transfusion reaction characterized by severe thrombocytopenia occurring 5 to 10 days after a transfusion of blood…
Postsurgical Vaginal Cuff Anaerobic Infections
Postsurgical vaginal cuff anaerobic infections represent a significant complication following gynecologic surgeries, especially total hysterectomy. These infections are primarily polymicrobial, with anaerobic bacteria such as…
Postsurgical Hemorrhage
Postsurgical hemorrhage refers to excessive bleeding after a surgical procedure, which can occur due to various causes. It is a major complication that requires prompt…
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major obstetric emergency and the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Defined as blood loss of ≥500 mL after vaginal…
