Refractory Malignant Tumor of Testis
A refractory malignant tumor of the testis refers to a testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) that does not respond to standard first-line chemotherapy or recurs…
Refractory Ewing’s Sarcoma
Refractory Ewing’s sarcoma refers to cases where the disease does not respond to initial chemotherapy regimens or recurs after an initial period of remission. This…
Refractory Aspergillosis
Refractory aspergillosis refers to invasive aspergillosis (IA) that fails to respond to standard first-line antifungal therapy, typically voriconazole or other triazoles. This serious, life-threatening condition…
Reflux Esophagitis
Reflux esophagitis is a subtype of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) characterized by inflammation, irritation, or swelling of the esophageal lining due to repeated exposure to…
Reduction of Blood Transfusions in Cold Agglutinin Disease
Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia characterized by the destruction of red blood cells at low temperatures due to the presence…
Reduction of Allogeneic Blood Transfusion in Surgery
The reduction of allogeneic blood transfusion in surgery has become a cornerstone of modern surgical and anesthetic practice. Our primary aim is to optimize patient…
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is defined as four or more documented episodes of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis within a 12-month period. It affects millions of women…
Recurrent Pericarditis
Recurrent pericarditis is defined as the reappearance of pericardial inflammation after a symptom-free interval of four to six weeks following an initial episode. It represents…
Recurrent Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex
Recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex is characterized by repeated outbreaks of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, affecting the skin and mucous membranes. The causative agents, HSV-1…
Recurrent Herpes Simplex Labialis
Recurrent herpes simplex labialis (HSL) is the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) manifesting predominantly as vesicular lesions on the lips and perioral…
