Streptococcal endometritis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the endometrial lining of the uterus caused by Streptococcus species, particularly Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) or Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B). This infection most commonly arises in postpartum or post-abortion women but can also occur after gynecologic procedures or instrumentation. If left untreated, it can progress to
Streptococcal endocarditis is a severe form of infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus species, most commonly the viridans group streptococci (VGS). This condition involves the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, typically affecting damaged or prosthetic heart valves. Without timely treatment, streptococcal endocarditis can lead to valve destruction, systemic
Strabismus, commonly referred to as crossed eyes or eye misalignment, is a condition in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. One eye may turn inwards, outwards, upwards, or downwards, while the other eye remains focused. This misalignment interferes with binocular vision, leading to double vision or
Stomatitis refers to inflammation within the oral cavity, which may involve the lips, cheeks, tongue, gums, and roof or floor of the mouth. It is not a single condition but rather a clinical manifestation of various underlying causes, ranging from infections to systemic diseases. Patients may experience pain, redness, swelling, ulcers, and difficulty eating or
Stiff-Man Syndrome (SMS), also known as Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS), is a rare, progressive neurological disorder characterized by muscle stiffness, spasms, and functional disability. Most cases are autoimmune in nature and associated with antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), an enzyme vital for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis. The deficiency in GABA leads to increased muscle
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, acute, and potentially fatal skin and mucous membrane disorder characterized by widespread epidermal necrosis and detachment. Often triggered by medications or infections, SJS presents with flu-like symptoms followed by painful red or purplish rash that blisters and peels off, affecting both the skin and internal mucosa. SJS is considered
Steatosis of the liver, commonly known as fatty liver disease, is a condition characterized by abnormal accumulation of triglycerides within liver cells. This infiltration of fat can impair hepatic function and, if left untreated, progress to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. The condition is often silent in its early stages, making timely diagnosis and
Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurological condition characterized by prolonged or repeated seizures without recovery of consciousness in between. Clinically, it is defined as a seizure lasting more than 5 minutes or two or more seizures between which the patient does not regain full consciousness. It demands immediate medical intervention to prevent irreversible neuronal
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a coagulase-negative, gram-positive bacterium responsible for a significant proportion of urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in sexually active young women. Unlike Escherichia coli, which dominates UTI cases overall, S. saprophyticus accounts for approximately 5–20% of community-acquired UTIs. It is notable for its urease production, adherence to uroepithelial cells, and resistance to urinary
Staphylococcus peritonitis refers to inflammation of the peritoneum caused by Staphylococcus species, notably Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. It frequently arises in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), particularly continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and carries a significant risk for morbidity, technique failure, and hospitalization. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) presents additional challenges due to limited therapeutic