Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare, indolent type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the excessive production of immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal proteins. This blood cancer…
Vulvovaginitis
Vulvovaginitis refers to the inflammation of the vulva and vagina, resulting from infections, irritants, allergens, or systemic conditions. It is a broad clinical term encompassing…
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), commonly referred to as a vaginal yeast infection, is a fungal infection of the vulva and vagina, predominantly caused by Candida albicans.…
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) represents a spectrum of precancerous lesions involving the squamous epithelium of the vulva. These changes, although non-invasive, carry the potential to…
Von Willebrand’s Disease
Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a crucial protein…
Vitreomacular Adhesion
Vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) is a pathological condition where the vitreous gel adheres abnormally to the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp,…
Vitrectomy adjunct to enhance visualization
Vitreoretinal surgery, particularly pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), demands meticulous precision and clear intraoperative visualization. The transparent nature of vitreous gel, epiretinal membranes (ERMs), and internal…
Vitamin K Deficiency-Induced Hypoprothrombinemia
Vitamin K deficiency-induced hypoprothrombinemia is a coagulopathy resulting from impaired synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors—primarily prothrombin (Factor II). This disorder is characterized by a…
