Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common form of testicular cancer, predominantly affecting males between the ages of 15 and 40. Derived from the primordial germ cells of the testes, these malignancies are typically highly curable with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Germ cell tumors account for approximately 95% of all testicular malignancies,
Tertiary yaws represents the chronic and disfiguring stage of yaws, a tropical infection caused by Treponema pallidum pertenue, a subspecies of the bacterium responsible for syphilis. Though early stages of yaws are marked by infectious skin lesions, the tertiary phase—typically occurring five or more years after initial infection—results in severe tissue destruction, primarily of the
Tertiary syphilis is the most severe and potentially life-threatening stage of syphilis, a chronic bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum. Occurring years or even decades after the initial untreated infection, this phase is marked by irreversible damage to vital organs, including the heart, brain, skin, and bones. While rare in developed nations due to early
Tertiary bejel is the final and most destructive stage of bejel, a nonvenereal treponemal infection caused by Treponema pallidum endemicum, a subspecies of the bacterium responsible for syphilis. Unlike syphilis, which is sexually transmitted, bejel is spread primarily through nonsexual skin contact, typically in children living in warm, arid, and impoverished regions, particularly in parts
Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common form of primary headache globally, characterized by a bilateral, pressing or tightening sensation often described as a “band around the head.” Unlike migraines, tension headaches do not typically involve nausea or visual disturbances and are less likely to interfere with daily activities. While they can be episodic or
Tenosynovitis is the inflammation of the synovial sheath, the thin layer of tissue that surrounds tendons. It typically occurs in areas where tendons pass through narrow anatomical tunnels, particularly in the hands, wrists, feet, and ankles. The condition can result in pain, swelling, restricted movement, and in severe cases, tendon damage. Unlike general tendonitis, which
Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (TGCT) is a rare, typically benign tumor that arises from the synovium—the thin layer of tissue lining joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. It is characterized by proliferation of synovial-like cells, leading to mass formation and joint damage. TGCT most commonly affects the knee, ankle, hip, and fingers, and is divided into
Tendonitis, also known as tendinitis, refers to the inflammation or irritation of a tendon—the fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone. This condition typically results from overuse or repetitive strain, leading to pain, swelling, and restricted movement in the affected area. Tendonitis can affect any tendon in the body, but it most commonly occurs in
Tear film insufficiency refers to an inadequate quantity or poor quality of tears needed to maintain a healthy and lubricated ocular surface. This condition is a core component of dry eye disease (DED), a prevalent and often chronic issue that can significantly impact visual comfort, clarity, and ocular health. Tear film insufficiency disrupts the delicate
Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. While it can affect individuals of any age, it is particularly dangerous for infants under two months who are too young to be vaccinated. Maternal immunization with the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, has proven