Low-Grade Glioma with BRAF V600E Mutation
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are slow-growing primary brain tumors that arise from glial cells. Among the genetic alterations associated with LGGs, the BRAF V600E mutation is…
Low-Grade Glioma with BRAF Fusion or Mutation
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are slow-growing brain tumors commonly found in children and young adults. A subset of these tumors is associated with BRAF fusion or…
Low Cardiac Output: Causes, Symptoms
Low cardiac output (LCO) refers to a condition in which the heart fails to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s metabolic demands. This can…
Louse-Borne Typhus: Causes, Symptoms
Louse-borne typhus, also known as epidemic typhus, is a severe bacterial infection caused by Rickettsia prowazekii. This disease is transmitted to humans through the bite…
Loss of Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone treatment for advanced prostate cancer, effectively reducing testosterone levels to slow cancer progression. However, this therapy is associated…
Löffler Syndrome
Löffler syndrome is a rare pulmonary condition characterized by transient lung infiltrates and eosinophilia. It is commonly associated with parasitic infections, particularly helminths, and presents…
Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma
Locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC) refers to an aggressive form of breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast but has not metastasized to distant…
Localized Malignant Tumor of the Anus
A localized malignant tumor of the anus, commonly referred to as anal cancer, is an early-stage malignancy confined to the anal canal or perianal skin.…
Local Anesthesia for Urethral Pain
Urethral pain can result from infections, catheterization, urological procedures, or underlying conditions like interstitial cystitis. Local anesthesia is commonly used to manage discomfort by numbing…
Local Anesthesia for Procedures on or Through the Nasal Cavity
Procedures involving the nasal cavity require precise and effective anesthesia to minimize discomfort and optimize surgical outcomes. Local anesthesia is widely used in various nasal…
