Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare and complex form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the skin. It originates from malignant T-lymphocytes, a subset of white blood cells responsible for immune response. Unlike other lymphomas, CTCL manifests as persistent skin lesions, which can progress over time and, in advanced cases, involve the blood, lymph
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disorder that presents with distinct dermatological symptoms. It can occur independently or in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Understanding its types, symptoms, triggers, and treatment options is crucial for effective management. Types of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus CLE is classified into three major subtypes: 1. Chronic Cutaneous
Cutaneous listeriosis is a rare but significant form of infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Unlike systemic listeriosis, which is primarily foodborne, the cutaneous form occurs due to direct inoculation of the skin. This condition is most commonly seen in individuals exposed to contaminated animal products, particularly those working in veterinary, agricultural, and laboratory settings. This
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic skin disease caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus, transmitted through the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. It is a major health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, leading to chronic skin lesions and, in severe cases, disfigurement. Understanding its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment is crucial for effective
Acute rheumatic carditis is an inflammatory condition of the heart that arises as a complication of rheumatic fever, a post-infectious immune response to Streptococcus pyogenes. This condition primarily affects children and young adults, leading to potentially severe and chronic cardiac damage. Understanding its pathophysiology, risk factors, symptoms, and management is crucial for preventing long-term complications.
Cutaneous larva Migrans (CLM) is a parasitic skin disease caused by the penetration of hookworm larvae into the epidermis. These larvae, unable to complete their lifecycle in humans, migrate within the skin, resulting in serpiginous, pruritic lesions. CLM primarily affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly those with exposure to contaminated soil or sand.
Cutaneous candidiasis is a fungal infection of the skin caused predominantly by Candida albicans, a yeast-like fungus that is part of the normal flora of the human body. While typically harmless, under certain conditions, Candida can proliferate excessively, leading to infection. This condition commonly affects warm, moist, and creased areas of the skin, such as
Acute repetitive seizures (ARS), also known as seizure clusters, refer to multiple seizures occurring within a short period, typically 24 hours, without full recovery in between. These episodes require prompt intervention to prevent status epilepticus, a life-threatening condition. Understanding the underlying causes, symptoms, and treatment strategies is essential for effective management and improved patient outcomes.
Cutaneous anthrax is the most common and least severe form of anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis. This zoonotic infection primarily affects individuals in direct contact with contaminated animal products. If untreated, the infection can progress, leading to systemic complications. What Is Cutaneous Anthrax? Cutaneous anthrax occurs when Bacillus anthracis spores enter the body through cuts
Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APE) is a serious cardiovascular emergency caused by the sudden obstruction of pulmonary arteries due to embolic thrombi. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often arising from deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Early recognition and prompt intervention are crucial for reducing fatal outcomes. Pathophysiology of Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism Pulmonary