Diarrhea associated with vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) secreting tumor

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-secreting tumors, commonly referred to as VIPomas, are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors that produce excessive amounts of VIP. This results in profound secretory diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria, collectively known as WDHA (watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria) or Verner-Morrison syndrome. Although VIPomas are rare, understanding their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment is crucial

Diarrhea

What is Diarrhea? Diarrhea is a condition characterized by the frequent passage of loose or watery stools, often occurring more than three times a day. It can be acute, lasting for a few days, or chronic, persisting for weeks. While mild cases resolve on their own, severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration and other health

Diaper rash

Diaper rash, also known as diaper dermatitis, is a common skin irritation affecting infants and toddlers. It presents as redness, inflammation, and discomfort in the diaper area. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for effective management and prevention. Causes of Diaper Rash Several factors contribute to diaper rash, often occurring simultaneously: Symptoms

Acute Thromboembolic Stroke: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Acute thromboembolic stroke occurs when a blood clot obstructs cerebral blood flow, leading to ischemia and potential neuronal damage. This condition demands immediate medical intervention to prevent irreversible brain injury. Pathophysiology of Acute Thromboembolic Stroke A thromboembolic stroke results from an embolus or thrombus occluding a cerebral artery, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients.

Acute Suppurative Otitis Media with Tympanostomy Tubes

Acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) is a bacterial infection of the middle ear that causes pus accumulation and inflammation. When tympanostomy tubes are present, the condition may lead to persistent otorrhea (ear discharge), requiring specialized management to prevent complications. Pathophysiology of ASOM with Tympanostomy Tubes Tympanostomy tubes facilitate ventilation and drainage in patients with recurrent

Acute Streptococcus pneumoniae Bacterial Sinusitis

Acute bacterial sinusitis is a common yet serious infection that affects the paranasal sinuses, often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae). This pathogen is responsible for a significant proportion of sinus infections, leading to inflammation, congestion, and pain. Understanding its pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options is crucial for effective management. Pathophysiology of S.

Acute Streptococcus Pyogenes Bacterial Sinusitis

Acute Streptococcus pyogenes bacterial sinusitis is a severe infection of the paranasal sinuses caused by S. pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus (GAS). Although viral infections account for most sinusitis cases, bacterial infections, particularly those caused by S. pyogenes, lead to prolonged symptoms, complications, and require targeted antibiotic therapy. Pathophysiology of S. pyogenes in Sinus Infections

Diamond blackfan anemia

Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital bone marrow disorder characterized by insufficient production of red blood cells (RBCs). It is a type of inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS), primarily affecting infants and young children. DBA occurs due to genetic mutations affecting ribosomal protein genes, leading to defective erythropoiesis. Causes and Genetic Basis of

Diagnostic test for thyroid dysfunction

Diagnostic test for thyroid dysfunction includes a range of conditions affecting the thyroid gland’s ability to regulate metabolism, energy production, and overall bodily functions. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Various diagnostic tests help evaluate thyroid function and detect conditions such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, and autoimmune disorders. Blood Tests for

Diagnostic test for secondary adrenocortical insufficiency

Diagnostic test for secondary adrenocortical insufficiency results from inadequate secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, leading to reduced cortisol production. A precise diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and management. Below, we detail the primary diagnostic tests used to evaluate this condition. 1. ACTH Stimulation Test Overview The ACTH stimulation test assesses