Vitiligo is a long-term dermatological condition characterized by the progressive loss of skin pigmentation, resulting in white patches due to the destruction or dysfunction of melanocytes—the cells responsible for melanin production. This condition can affect any part of the body and occurs across all skin types, although it is more noticeable in individuals with darker
Vitamin K deficiency-induced hypoprothrombinemia is a coagulopathy resulting from impaired synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors—primarily prothrombin (Factor II). This disorder is characterized by a marked prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) and heightened bleeding risk. As vitamin K plays a critical role in the carboxylation of several clotting factors, any disruption in its availability
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble nutrient critical for blood clotting, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular health. Due to its fat-soluble nature, absorption of vitamin K depends heavily on proper digestion and assimilation of dietary fats. Any disruption in fat absorption—whether from gastrointestinal disorders, liver dysfunction, or surgical interventions—can impair vitamin K uptake and lead to deficiency.
Vitamin E deficiency, or hypovitaminosis E, is a rare yet serious condition that can result in neurological impairments, muscle weakness, and immune dysfunction. As a fat-soluble antioxidant, vitamin E (primarily alpha-tocopherol) plays a crucial role in protecting cell membranes from oxidative stress. Deficiency arises from either inadequate dietary intake, fat malabsorption, or genetic disorders affecting
Vitamin deficiency prevention is a cornerstone of public health and individual well-being. Adequate vitamin intake ensures proper metabolic functioning, supports immune defense, promotes healthy growth, and prevents chronic diseases. We must adopt preventive measures that are sustainable, evidence-based, and tailored to individual nutritional needs. Understanding the Role of Vitamins in Health Vitamins are essential micronutrients
Vitamin deficiency occurs when the body lacks adequate levels of one or more essential vitamins required for optimal physiological functioning. These deficiencies can lead to a wide range of health complications, including impaired immunity, poor bone health, anemia, neurological disorders, and skin conditions. Both developed and developing countries face issues with vitamin deficiencies, often linked
Vitamin D Dependent Rickets (VDDR) is a rare group of genetic disorders that impair the metabolism or function of vitamin D, leading to defective bone mineralization and skeletal deformities. Unlike nutritional rickets, which arises from inadequate dietary intake or insufficient sunlight exposure, VDDR stems from intrinsic metabolic abnormalities affecting the synthesis, activation, or response to
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for maintaining calcium and phosphate balance, promoting bone mineralization, and supporting immune function. It plays a significant role in muscle health, mood regulation, and inflammation control. There are two primary forms: vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), with D3 being the more potent and biologically active form.
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential water-soluble vitamin critical for numerous physiological functions. It supports collagen synthesis, enhances iron absorption, boosts immune response, and acts as a powerful antioxidant. As the human body cannot synthesize vitamin C endogenously, it must be consumed through diet. Causes of Vitamin C Deficiency Inadequate Dietary
Vitamin B12 deficiency, a widespread yet often overlooked condition, can lead to serious neurological, hematological, and psychological complications if left untreated. Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and maintaining healthy nerve cells. The deficiency often progresses silently, making early recognition and intervention critical. The Biological