What is Epilepsy? Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. It affects people of all ages and can result from various underlying conditions, including genetic predisposition, brain injuries, infections, or developmental disorders. Types of Seizures Epileptic seizures are broadly categorized into focal seizures and generalized seizures: Focal Seizures These originate in
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) encompasses a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by exceptionally fragile skin that blisters and tears with minimal friction or trauma. Often referred to as “butterfly skin” due to its delicate nature, EB manifests in various forms, each with distinct genetic mutations and clinical presentations. This article provides a comprehensive overview of
Epicondylitis refers to the inflammation of the epicondyles, the bony prominences located on the distal part of the humerus at the elbow joint. This condition manifests primarily in two forms: Both conditions result from overuse or repetitive strain on the tendons and muscles surrounding the elbow, leading to pain and tenderness. Anatomy of the Elbow
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a rare form of vasculitis affecting small to medium-sized blood vessels. It primarily impacts individuals with a history of asthma or allergic conditions and is characterized by elevated eosinophil levels, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ involvement. Pathophysiology of EGPA EGPA is an autoimmune condition in
What Is Eosinophilic Esophagitis? Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder characterized by eosinophil accumulation in the esophageal lining. This condition leads to esophageal inflammation, dysphagia, and, if untreated, fibrosis and strictures. Causes and Risk Factors EoE is primarily triggered by allergens, with food and environmental allergens playing a key role. The exact etiology
Eosinophilic asthma represents a unique and often severe subtype of asthma, characterized by elevated levels of eosinophils—a specific type of white blood cell—in the airways and bloodstream. This condition predominantly manifests in adults and is frequently associated with a more severe clinical course, necessitating specialized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Asthma Eosinophils play
Envenomation by coral snake (micrurus fulvius) is a highly venomous elapid native to the southeastern United States. While its bite is rare due to its reclusive nature, envenomation can cause severe neurotoxic effects, requiring immediate medical intervention. This article provides a comprehensive overview of coral snake envenomation, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures. Identification
Black widow spiders (Latrodectus spp.) are among the most venomous spiders in the world. Their bites cause a condition known as latrodectism, characterized by systemic neurotoxic effects. While fatalities are rare, untreated envenomation can lead to severe complications. This article explores the symptoms, treatment, and prevention of black widow spider envenomation in detail. Identification of
Enthesitis-related juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ERA-JIA) is a distinct subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) that primarily affects the entheses—where tendons and ligaments attach to bones. It is a chronic autoimmune condition commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents, often linked to HLA-B27 genetic markers. This article delves into its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to
Enterocolitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the small intestine and colon. It can result from infections, autoimmune diseases, ischemia, or allergic reactions. The severity of enterocolitis varies, ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening complications, especially in infants and immunocompromised individuals. Causes of Enterocolitis 1. Infectious Enterocolitis Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections can cause enterocolitis. Common