Esophageal candidiasis, also known as Candida esophagitis, is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, primarily Candida albicans. It commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or diabetes, and patients on immunosuppressive therapy. This condition can lead to significant discomfort and complications if left untreated. Causes and Risk Factors Candida species are
Escherichia coli (E. coli), a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacillus, is widely known for causing urinary tract infections, sepsis, and intra-abdominal infections. However, its role as a pathogen in pneumonia is often overlooked. E. coli pneumonia, though less common than other bacterial pneumonias, is a significant concern, particularly in hospital-acquired settings. This article delves into the
Escherichia coli (E. coli) meningitis is a life-threatening bacterial infection that primarily affects neonates and immunocompromised individuals. It is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis, particularly in preterm infants. The E. coli K1 strain is responsible for the majority of cases due to its enhanced ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Causes and Risk
Eschar removal from thermal burn wound is a thick, dry, and necrotic tissue layer that forms over deep burn wounds. It impairs wound healing and increases infection risks, making timely removal essential for proper recovery. The approach to eschar removal depends on wound severity, patient health, and clinical indications. Methods of Eschar Removal There are
Erythroid leukemia, also known as acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) or erythroleukemia, is a rare and aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It primarily affects the erythroid precursor cells responsible for red blood cell production in the bone marrow. This malignancy leads to ineffective hematopoiesis, severe anemia, and systemic complications. Pathophysiology of Erythroid Leukemia Erythroid
What is Erythroblastic Anemia? Erythroblastic anemia is a rare hematological disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in nucleated red blood cell precursors (erythroblasts) in the bloodstream. This condition is often associated with ineffective erythropoiesis and can be a result of underlying diseases affecting the bone marrow or red blood cell production. Causes of Erythroblastic Anemia
Erythrasma is a superficial bacterial skin infection caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum. It primarily affects warm, moist areas of the body, such as the groin, underarms, and between the toes. Often mistaken for fungal infections like tinea cruris (jock itch) or intertrigo, erythrasma is distinct due to its unique fluorescence under Wood’s lamp examination. Causes and
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a severe immune-mediated complication of lepromatous and borderline lepromatous leprosy. It is classified as a Type 2 leprosy reaction, resulting in painful skin nodules, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ involvement. ENL significantly contributes to morbidity in affected individuals, often necessitating prolonged treatment and medical intervention. Pathophysiology of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum ENL
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, self-limited, immune-mediated condition characterized by distinctive target-like lesions on the skin. It predominantly affects young adults and is often precipitated by infections, particularly herpes simplex virus (HSV), or, less commonly, by medications. The disorder manifests in two primary forms: erythema multiforme minor and erythema multiforme major, distinguished by the
Erysipelothrix endocarditis is a rare but serious form of bacterial endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium. This zoonotic pathogen primarily affects individuals with occupational exposure to animals, particularly swine, fish, and poultry. Due to its unique pathogenic mechanisms and resistance to common antibiotics, early diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial