Gastrointestinal candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, within the digestive tract. While Candida organisms are typically harmless commensals in the human gastrointestinal (GI) system, certain conditions can precipitate their proliferation, leading to symptomatic infections. Etiology and Predisposing Factors Several factors can disrupt the balance of the
Gastrointestinal anthrax is a rare but serious manifestation of infection by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming bacterium. This form of anthrax occurs following the ingestion of contaminated meat and can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to severe clinical outcomes. Understanding its etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and preventive measures is crucial
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. This reflux often results in symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation, affecting millions worldwide. Causes of GERD GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach acid to rise. Common
Gastroenteritis due to Shigella, commonly referred to as shigellosis, represents a significant public health concern worldwide. This bacterial infection primarily affects the intestines, leading to severe gastrointestinal distress. Understanding its etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and preventive measures is crucial for effective management and control. Etiology of Shigella-Induced Gastroenteritis Shigella is a genus
Gastroenteritis due to Salmonella is a significant public health concern, leading to numerous infections worldwide. Understanding its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention is crucial for mitigating its impact. Etiology of Salmonella-Induced Gastroenteritis Salmonella, a genus of gram-negative bacteria, is primarily responsible for foodborne illnesses. The two main species affecting humans are Salmonella enterica and
Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach lining, a condition that can manifest suddenly (acute gastritis) or develop gradually over time (chronic gastritis). This inflammation disrupts the stomach’s protective barrier, leading to various gastrointestinal symptoms. Understanding the underlying causes, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking appropriate treatment are essential steps in managing this condition effectively.
Gastric ulcers, also known as stomach ulcers, are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach. They are a type of peptic ulcer disease, which also includes duodenal ulcers occurring in the upper part of the small intestine. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gastric ulcers is crucial for effective
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by the accumulation of clonal mast cells in various tissues, including the bone marrow, skin, liver, spleen, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. One of the notable manifestations of SM is gastric hypersecretion, which can lead to significant clinical symptoms and complications. Pathophysiology of Gastric Hypersecretion in Systemic
Gastric cancer, commonly referred to as stomach cancer, originates from the lining of the stomach and can progress to invade other organs if not detected and treated promptly. This malignancy poses significant health challenges globally, necessitating a thorough understanding of its aspects. Epidemiology Gastric cancer ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, though its incidence
Gas gangrene, also known as clostridial myonecrosis, is a severe and potentially fatal bacterial infection primarily caused by Clostridium perfringens. This anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium rapidly multiplies in devitalized tissue, producing toxins that cause extensive tissue necrosis, gas formation, and systemic toxicity. Immediate medical intervention is critical to prevent mortality. Causes and Pathogenesis of Gas Gangrene