Hemophilia B, also known as Christmas disease, is a rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factor IX. This condition leads to prolonged bleeding episodes due to impaired blood clotting. Causes of Hemophilia B Hemophilia B is a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the F9 gene, which is responsible for producing
Hemophilia A is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by insufficient or defective clotting factor VIII. It is the most common type of hemophilia, affecting primarily males due to its X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. Individuals with hemophilia A experience prolonged bleeding episodes, even from minor injuries, posing significant health risks. Causes of Hemophilia A Hemophilia A
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening immune disorder characterized by excessive immune activation. It leads to severe inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. HLH can be classified into primary (genetic) and secondary (acquired) forms, each presenting distinct challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Types of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Primary HLH (Familial HLH) Primary HLH is an
Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a rare genetic disorder that leads to chronic hemolytic anemia. This condition arises from a mutation in the PKLR gene, which impairs the production or function of the pyruvate kinase enzyme. As a result, red blood cells become inefficient in producing energy, leading to their premature destruction. Understanding Hemolytic Anemia
Hematopoietic Syndrome (HS) is a critical manifestation of Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) that primarily affects the bone marrow and blood-forming tissues. Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation can severely damage the hematopoietic system, leading to life-threatening complications. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments is vital for effective management. Causes of Hematopoietic Syndrome in
Hemangiomata of infancy are benign vascular tumors commonly seen in newborns and infants. These lesions are characterized by rapid growth during early months, followed by gradual involution. While typically harmless, some cases may require medical intervention. Understanding Hemangiomata of Infancy Hemangiomata of infancy arise from endothelial cells that form blood vessels. They can appear as
Helicobacter pylori gastritis is a common gastrointestinal condition caused by the infection of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the stomach lining. This condition is a major contributor to peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, and even gastric cancer if left untreated. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and effective treatment strategies is crucial for early diagnosis and management. Causes of
Uterine leiomyoma, also known as fibroids, are non-cancerous tumors that develop in the uterus. These growths can vary in size, number, and location, significantly impacting a woman’s menstrual cycle. One of the most common and debilitating symptoms is heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Causes of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Uterine Leiomyoma Heavy menstrual bleeding is a
Heartburn is a common digestive issue that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest. It is often triggered by certain foods, lifestyle habits, or medical conditions. Implementing preventive measures can help manage this discomfort effectively. Key Causes of Heartburn Dietary Adjustments to Prevent Heartburn 1. Choose
Heartburn is a common condition characterized by a burning sensation in the chest, often caused by acid reflux. This discomfort typically occurs after eating and may worsen when lying down or bending over. While occasional heartburn is normal, persistent episodes may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Common Causes of Heartburn Heartburn results from stomach acid