Hyperkeratosis is a medical condition characterized by the thickening of the skin’s outer layer, known as the stratum corneum. This occurs due to excessive production of keratin, a protein that forms the skin, hair, and nails. Hyperkeratosis often results from chronic irritation, friction, or underlying medical conditions. Types of Hyperkeratosis 1. Plantar Keratosis 2. Palmar
Hyperkalemia refers to an elevated level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is a vital electrolyte that helps regulate heart and muscle function. While normal potassium levels typically range between 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L, hyperkalemia is diagnosed when levels exceed 5.0 mEq/L. Severe hyperkalemia above 6.5 mEq/L can become life-threatening and requires immediate medical intervention.
Hyperinsulinism is a medical condition characterized by excessive insulin production in the body. This condition often results in hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Hyperinsulinism is commonly seen in newborns and children but may also affect adults. Types of Hyperinsulinism: Hyperinsulinism Causes 1. Congenital Hyperinsulinism (CHI) Congenital hyperinsulinism
Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition characterized by excessive sweating beyond what is required for body temperature regulation. This condition can affect various body parts such as the underarms, hands, feet, and face. While not life-threatening, hyperhidrosis can severely impact an individual’s quality of life and social interactions. Types of Hyperhidrosis Hyperhidrosis is classified into two
Hyperglycemia refers to elevated blood glucose levels, commonly associated with diabetes. It occurs when the body lacks sufficient insulin or cannot utilize insulin effectively. Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to severe health complications. Causes of Hyperglycemia 1. Insulin Deficiency Insufficient insulin production, often seen in type 1 diabetes, leads to elevated blood sugar levels. 2. Insulin
Hyperfibrinolysis-induced hemorrhage is a critical condition characterized by excessive fibrinolytic activity, leading to severe and uncontrolled bleeding. This condition often arises in response to trauma, surgery, or specific medical disorders that disrupt normal hemostasis. Pathophysiology of Hyperfibrinolysis Hyperfibrinolysis occurs when fibrinolytic enzymes, such as plasmin, degrade fibrin clots excessively, compromising blood clot stability. This results
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES) is a rare blood disorder characterized by an abnormally high number of eosinophils in the blood for prolonged periods, leading to potential damage in multiple organs. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a vital role in the immune system. When these cells increase excessively, they can cause inflammation
Hypercortisolism, also known as Cushing’s syndrome, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body. Cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, blood pressure, and the immune response. Hypercortisolism can result from prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels, leading to a range of
Hypercholesterolemia refers to abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy substance essential for cell formation, but excessive amounts can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hypercholesterolemia is classified based on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Causes of Hypercholesterolemia 1. Genetic Factors 2. Lifestyle
Hypercalcemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood. While mild cases may be asymptomatic, severe hypercalcemia can lead to critical health complications, including kidney damage, neurological issues, and cardiovascular distress. Effective treatment often involves primary interventions combined with adjunctive therapies to stabilize calcium levels and manage underlying conditions. Causes of