Three-Parent Babies Born in the UK: A Scientific Breakthrough for Preventing Mitochondrial Disease

For the first time in history, eight babies have been born in the UK using DNA from three different people to prevent life-threatening mitochondrial diseases. This revolutionary technique is giving families hope after years of fearing genetic disorders they once believed were unavoidable. The scientific innovation, developed in the UK more than a decade ago, uses DNA from a mother and father, plus a small amount of genetic material from a donor woman. The goal? To eliminate faulty mitochondria—the tiny, energy-producing structures in cells—that

Can a “Cortisol Cocktail” Really Reduce Stress? Here’s What Experts Want You to Know

If you scroll TikTok or Instagram, you might have seen the “cortisol cocktail” trending as the latest wellness drink. Promoters say this fizzy nighttime mocktail calms the mind, balances hormones, and leads to deeper sleep. But does science support these claims—or is it just another overhyped health fad? Here’s a user-friendly, research-backed review of what

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is a rare but serious disorder characterized by the formation of gastrin-secreting tumors, known as gastrinomas, primarily in the pancreas or duodenum. These tumors lead to excessive production of gastric acid, resulting in severe peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux, and potential complications affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial

Zinc Deficiency

Zinc is an essential trace mineral that supports hundreds of physiological functions, from immune response and wound healing to cellular metabolism and DNA synthesis. Zinc deficiency, although often overlooked, can have significant consequences on health and development. Understanding the causes, identifying symptoms, and taking proactive steps to treat and prevent zinc deficiency is critical for

Zidovudine-Induced Anemia

Zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), was the first antiretroviral drug approved for the treatment of HIV. While effective in suppressing viral replication, zidovudine is associated with a range of adverse effects, among which anemia is one of the most clinically significant. Zidovudine-induced anemia can limit the drug’s therapeutic potential and compromise treatment

Zaire Ebolavirus Vaccination

Zaire ebolavirus, the most lethal species of the Ebola virus, poses a significant threat to global public health due to its high mortality rate and potential for widespread outbreaks. Vaccination has emerged as a critical tool in mitigating the impact of this filovirus. Effective vaccines have been developed and deployed with measurable success, particularly in

Zaire Ebolavirus Infection

Zaire ebolavirus, a member of the Filoviridae family, is one of the most virulent pathogens responsible for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever. This virus gained notoriety due to multiple deadly outbreaks primarily in Central and West Africa. The Zaire strain (EBOV) is known for its high case fatality rates,

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is a zoonotic pathogen, primarily affecting wild and domestic animals, but it can also cause gastrointestinal infections in humans, often resembling appendicitis or mesenteric lymphadenitis. While less prevalent than Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis is a significant cause of enteric infections, particularly

Yellow Fever Vaccination

Yellow fever is a life-threatening viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes and Haemagogus species. Endemic to parts of Africa and South America, yellow fever can lead to severe symptoms including jaundice, organ failure, and death. As no specific antiviral treatment exists, yellow fever vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure. The World

Xerostomia Secondary to Sjögren’s Syndrome

Xerostomia secondary to Sjögren’s syndrome is a hallmark manifestation of this chronic, systemic autoimmune disease, which primarily targets exocrine glands, especially the salivary and lacrimal glands. This results in significant salivary gland hypofunction, leading to persistent dry mouth and a cascade of oral health complications. The pathogenesis of xerostomia in Sjögren’s syndrome involves lymphocytic infiltration,