Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea—the transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the front of the eye—that can lead to discomfort, visual disturbances, and potentially severe complications if left untreated. Understanding the various types, causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for maintaining optimal eye health. Types of Keratitis Keratitis can be broadly categorized into two
Keloids are raised, thickened areas of scar tissue that extend beyond the original wound’s boundaries. They result from an overproduction of collagen during the healing process. Unlike typical scars, keloids do not regress over time and may continue to grow. Commonly affected areas include the earlobes, shoulders, cheeks, and chest. Symptoms and Characteristics Keloids
Kawasaki disease is an acute inflammatory condition that primarily affects children under the age of five. It leads to inflammation in the walls of medium-sized arteries throughout the body, with the coronary arteries being the most affected. The disease can cause serious complications, including heart damage, if not treated promptly. Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease The
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally aggressive vascular tumor that primarily affects infants and young children. Unlike common hemangiomas, KHE is known for its association with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP), a life-threatening condition characterized by thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. Understanding KHE’s symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for early intervention and better outcomes. What Is
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare type of cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymphatic vessels. It manifests as skin lesions that may appear red, purple, or brown. The disease is closely linked to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and is more prevalent among individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal angioproliferative malignancy originating from lymphatic endothelial cells, characterized by the formation of vascular tumors primarily affecting the skin, mucous membranes, and visceral organs. First described by Moritz Kaposi in 1872, this neoplasm has been categorized into four distinct clinical variants: classic, endemic, epidemic (AIDS-associated), and iatrogenic (transplant-related). Etiology
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) is a rare and aggressive form of childhood leukemia that affects young children, primarily those under the age of four. It originates in the bone marrow and leads to the overproduction of myelomonocytic white blood cells, which crowd out normal blood cells and disrupt immune function. Unlike acute leukemias, JMML is
Juvenile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare, inherited neurological disorder that affects the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is characterized by the accumulation of sulfatides due to a deficiency in the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA), leading to progressive demyelination and severe neurological deterioration. What Is Juvenile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy? MLD is classified into three main
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis in children under 16, causing persistent joint inflammation, pain, stiffness, and potential joint damage. Unlike adult rheumatoid arthritis, JIA has multiple subtypes with varying symptoms and prognoses. Types of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis JIA encompasses several subtypes, each with distinct characteristics: 1. Oligoarticular JIA 2.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral brain infection caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), transmitted through mosquito bites. It primarily affects individuals in rural and agricultural regions of Asia and the Western Pacific. The infection can lead to neurological complications, coma, and even death in severe cases. Importance of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination Vaccination is