Meningitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. While viral and bacterial infections are common causes, meningitis due to Bacteroides species is relatively rare but serious. Bacteroides are anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the human gut, but they can cause severe infections when they enter the
Meningitis due to anthrax is a rare but severe form of bacterial meningitis caused by Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium responsible for anthrax. It primarily affects individuals exposed to anthrax spores through inhalation, ingestion, or cutaneous infection that spreads systemically. This condition has a high mortality rate and requires urgent medical intervention. Causes and Pathogenesis of
Meningitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. The condition can be caused by infections (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic) or non-infectious factors (such as autoimmune disorders or drug-induced reactions). It is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring prompt medical attention. Types
Meningeal leukemia, also known as leukemic meningitis or central nervous system (CNS) leukemia, is a severe complication of leukemia where malignant leukemia cells infiltrate the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This condition is most commonly associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but can also occur
Ménière’s disease is a chronic disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing. Characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss, it significantly impacts the quality of life. This condition is caused by an abnormal buildup of fluid in the inner ear, disrupting normal auditory and vestibular functions. Causes of Ménière’s Disease While
Melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It primarily affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions, with a high prevalence in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The bacteria reside in contaminated soil and water, infecting humans through direct contact, inhalation, or ingestion. Causes and Risk Factors Melioidosis is caused
Meibomianitis, also known as Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), is a common inflammatory condition affecting the Meibomian glands located along the eyelid margins. These glands are responsible for producing the oily component of tears, which prevents evaporation and maintains eye moisture. When these glands become inflamed or clogged, it leads to symptoms like dry eyes, irritation,
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) is a rare but aggressive form of thyroid cancer that originates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. Unlike other types of thyroid cancer, MTC is characterized by the overproduction of calcitonin, a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis. It accounts for approximately 3-5% of all thyroid cancers and can
Meconium ileus is a serious neonatal intestinal blockage caused by thick, sticky meconium that fails to pass through the intestines. It is often associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), with nearly 90% of affected newborns later diagnosed with CF. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent complications such as bowel perforation and peritonitis. Causes and
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a serious respiratory condition that occurs in newborns when they inhale meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) before or during delivery. This condition can cause airway obstruction, lung inflammation, and difficulty breathing, requiring immediate medical intervention. Causes of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome MAS occurs when a fetus experiences fetal distress, leading to the