Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) refers to inflammation of the urethra not caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is a common urogenital condition, especially in sexually active males, and represents a significant proportion of urethritis cases globally. NGU is primarily transmitted through sexual contact and is commonly caused by bacterial pathogens, particularly Chlamydia trachomatis, though other organisms and
Nonfunctional Neuroendocrine Tumors of Lung Origin: Nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of lung origin represent a subset of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation without active hormone secretion. These tumors primarily arise from Kulchitsky cells in the bronchial mucosa and do not cause endocrine-related symptoms, such as those seen in functional NETs. They are often
Nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumor: Nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of gastrointestinal origin are a subset of rare neoplasms arising from neuroendocrine cells scattered throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Unlike their functional counterparts, these tumors do not secrete hormones in quantities sufficient to cause clinical symptoms of hormone excess. As a result, they are often diagnosed incidentally or
Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), commonly referred to as dry AMD, is a chronic, progressive retinal disorder that affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It is the most prevalent form of AMD, accounting for approximately 85–90% of all AMD cases, especially in populations aged over 60. Unlike
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer with KRAS G12C Mutation: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer diagnoses globally. It includes subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Among the many genetic alterations associated with NSCLC, mutations in the KRAS gene have emerged as both common
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Exon 21 L858R: Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. It encompasses a group of lung cancers, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. A significant number of NSCLC patients present with specific genetic alterations, among which mutations
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations represents a biologically distinct subset of lung adenocarcinoma, accounting for approximately 4% to 12% of EGFR-mutated NSCLC cases. Unlike classical sensitizing mutations such as exon 19 deletions and L858R, exon 20 insertions are often resistant to first- and second-generation EGFR
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Exon 19 Deletion: Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies that together represent approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Among these, EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations account for nearly 45% of all EGFR mutations and are particularly significant due to their strong sensitivity
Non small cell lung cancer with braf v600e mutation: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the majority of lung cancer diagnoses worldwide, with several molecular alterations guiding treatment decisions. Among these, the BRAF V600E mutation stands out as a significant oncogenic driver. Though relatively rare, occurring in approximately 1–4% of NSCLC cases, this mutation leads
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. It encompasses several histological subtypes, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. This form of lung cancer tends to grow and spread more slowly than small cell lung cancer (SCLC), allowing for more varied and potentially curative treatment options.