Ovarian follicle maturation induction refers to the deliberate medical stimulation of the ovaries to promote the growth and development of ovarian follicles, culminating in ovulation. This technique plays a vital role in treating anovulation, oligo-ovulation, and in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), especially in in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols. Through the use of exogenous hormones, clinicians
Otitis externa seborrhea refers to inflammation of the external ear canal caused by seborrheic dermatitis. This chronic, relapsing condition typically affects sebaceous gland-rich areas such as the scalp, face, and external auditory canal. When seborrheic dermatitis extends to the ears, it leads to symptoms resembling otitis externa — including scaling, erythema, itching, and sometimes secondary
Otitis externa eczema, also known as eczematous otitis externa or ear canal eczema, refers to chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the skin of the external auditory canal, often linked to underlying dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, or contact dermatitis. This condition manifests as persistent itching, scaling, erythema, and discomfort in the outer ear,
Otitis externa is an acute or chronic inflammation of the external auditory canal, commonly caused by bacterial or fungal infections. Also referred to as swimmer’s ear, this condition arises due to moisture retention, minor trauma, or underlying dermatologic disorders. It typically affects individuals exposed to water, humid environments, or frequent ear instrumentation. Etiology: Common Causes
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor, primarily affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. Arising from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells, it is characterized by the direct formation of osteoid tissue or immature bone by malignant cells. The tumor commonly develops in the metaphyseal region of long bones, especially around the knee — distal
osteoporosis in postmenopausal woman: Osteoporosis remains a critical public health issue in postmenopausal women, with a sharp rise in fracture risk due to estrogen deficiency. More than half of women over 50 will experience an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime, with hip and vertebral fractures significantly impacting mortality, independence, and healthcare costs. Identifying and managing
osteoporosis in male patient: Osteoporosis, commonly perceived as a women’s health issue, significantly affects men—particularly those over 70 and younger individuals with secondary causes. Men account for nearly 20% of osteoporosis-related fractures, and they often experience greater morbidity and mortality following hip fractures than women. Despite this, osteoporosis in male patients remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. This condition affects millions worldwide, particularly postmenopausal women and the elderly, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The Science of Bone Remodeling and Osteoporosis Bone tissue
Osteopenia of prematurity (OOP), also known as metabolic bone disease of prematurity, is a condition marked by decreased bone mineral content and reduced bone strength in preterm infants. It primarily affects infants born before 32 weeks of gestation or those with very low birth weight (<1500 g), due to interrupted transplacental mineral transfer and postnatal
Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone characterized by inflammation, necrosis, and new bone formation. It can result from hematogenous spread, direct inoculation from trauma or surgery, or contiguous spread from nearby infections. Prompt recognition and aggressive management are crucial to prevent chronic complications, bone destruction, or systemic involvement. Pathophysiology of Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis occurs