Pelvic cellulitis is a serious bacterial infection that affects the soft tissues within the pelvic region. It involves the subcutaneous tissue and dermis, and may extend deeper into surrounding organs or tissues if left untreated. This condition most frequently arises as a complication of gynecological procedures, postpartum infections, or pelvic surgeries. Rapid medical intervention is
A pelvic abscess is a localized collection of pus within the pelvic cavity, often resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread or remained untreated. This condition can lead to life-threatening complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated. It typically occurs as a sequel to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), gastrointestinal perforation, or post-surgical infections. Pathophysiology
Pellagra is a nutritional disorder resulting from a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) or its precursor tryptophan. Historically referred to as the “disease of the four Ds”—dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death—pellagra remains a public health concern in regions where diets lack sufficient niacin-rich foods or where chronic illnesses interfere with nutrient absorption. Understanding the Role
Pediculosis pubis, commonly known as pubic lice or “crabs,” is an infestation caused by Phthirus pubis, a parasitic insect that feeds on human blood. These lice typically reside in the coarse hairs of the pubic region but may also be found in other areas with dense hair such as the armpits, chest, abdomen, and even
Pediculosis corporis, or body lice infestation, is a parasitic condition caused by Pediculus humanus corporis, an obligate ectoparasite that lives in the seams of clothing and feeds on human blood. Though more prevalent in settings of poor hygiene and crowded living conditions, pediculosis corporis remains a significant concern for public health due to its potential
Pediculosis capitis, commonly known as head lice infestation, is a widespread parasitic condition caused by Pediculus humanus capitis. This obligate ectoparasite affects the scalp and hair shafts, predominantly in children between the ages of 3 and 12. Despite being non-life-threatening, it can cause significant discomfort, social stigma, and secondary infections if left untreated. Epidemiology and
Fever without a source (FWS) in pediatric patients represents one of the most common and challenging presentations in clinical practice. This condition refers to a documented fever—typically defined as a rectal temperature ≥38.0°C (100.4°F)—in children where no clear source of infection is identified after a thorough history and physical examination. Accurate and timely evaluation is
Peanut allergy is one of the most prevalent and potentially life-threatening food allergies worldwide, particularly in children. This condition is characterized by an overactive immune response to peanut proteins, leading to a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to anaphylaxis. As peanut exposure can occur even through trace amounts, stringent management and awareness are
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) encompasses a diverse group of lung malignancies, with metastatic cases requiring tailored treatment strategies. Among these, patients with PD-L1 positive, EGFR-negative, and ALK-negative metastatic NSCLC represent a distinct subgroup that benefits significantly from immune checkpoint blockade therapies. The absence of actionable mutations (EGFR, ALK) redirects the therapeutic focus toward PD-L1
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers and remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. A subset of these tumors express the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1), which plays a critical role in immune evasion. PD-L1 positive NSCLC has emerged as a clinically relevant biomarker, guiding