Plasmodium falciparum malaria continues to pose a serious threat to global public health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and other tropical regions. Preventing this deadly parasitic disease requires an integrated, multifaceted approach that targets the parasite, its mosquito vector, and the conditions that support its transmission. The following prevention methods reflect current best practices, grounded in
Plasmodium falciparum is the most virulent species of the malaria-causing parasites that infect humans, responsible for the majority of malaria-related deaths worldwide. It thrives in tropical and subtropical regions, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing the highest burden. The disease it causes, falciparum malaria, is a life-threatening condition requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Understanding Plasmodium falciparum: The
it is also known as congenital hypoplasminogenemia, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a marked reduction in plasminogen activity, which leads to the abnormal accumulation of fibrin-rich pseudomembranes on mucous membranes and other tissues. The disease often manifests early in life and can affect various organs, with serious implications for ocular, respiratory, and
it is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder marked by raised, inflamed, and scaly patches on the skin. As the most common form of psoriasis, it affects approximately 80% to 90% of individuals diagnosed with the condition. Plaque psoriasis results from an overactive immune system that accelerates the life cycle of skin cells, causing them to
it is a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Historically known for causing devastating pandemics such as the Black Death in the 14th century, plague continues to pose a public health risk in certain parts of the world today. It is transmitted primarily through flea bites, direct contact with infected animals,
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare, chronic dermatologic condition characterized by follicular hyperkeratosis, erythroderma, and palmoplantar keratoderma. The disease often progresses from isolated patches of rough, scaly skin to widespread involvement, sometimes affecting the entire body. While PRP can occur at any age, it presents with distinct clinical features based on age of onset
Pituitary-dependent Cushing’s disease is a specific subtype of Cushing’s syndrome caused by excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from a pituitary adenoma, typically a microadenoma. This leads to chronic overstimulation of the adrenal glands and hypercortisolism, resulting in a wide array of systemic complications. Early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are crucial to improving
Pituitary function studies are essential diagnostic tools used to assess the secretory capacity of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, helping clinicians diagnose, manage, and monitor disorders affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. These studies involve dynamic and static testing of hormone levels to evaluate the integrity of pituitary and target organ function. Understanding the Role of
Pituitary dwarfism, also referred to as growth hormone deficiency (GHD), is a rare condition that results in abnormally short stature due to insufficient production of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary gland. This endocrine disorder typically presents during childhood and can profoundly affect physical development, though cognitive function usually remains unaffected. Overview of the Pituitary
Pinta is a chronic, non-venereal infectious skin disease caused by Treponema carateum, a bacterium closely related to the causative agent of syphilis. This condition is endemic to certain rural and tropical areas, primarily affecting populations in Central and South America. Pinta is classified among the endemic treponematoses, along with yaws and bejel, and is recognized