Post-Transplant Cytomegalovirus Infection

Post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most significant complications following solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This herpesvirus, typically latent in immunocompetent individuals, can reactivate under the immunosuppressive conditions post-transplantation, leading to severe and potentially life-threatening disease. CMV infection contributes to both direct and indirect adverse outcomes, including organ dysfunction, increased risk

Post-Operative Vaginal Cuff Peptostreptococcus Infection

Post-operative vaginal cuff infections represent a serious complication following gynecologic surgeries, particularly total hysterectomy. Among the microbial culprits, Peptostreptococcus—an anaerobic Gram-positive coccus—frequently colonizes the female genital tract and may cause deep pelvic infections when introduced to surgical sites. Understanding the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management of Peptostreptococcus infections following vaginal cuff procedures is

Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)

Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complication following anesthesia and surgery, affecting up to 30% of all surgical patients and up to 80% of high-risk individuals. This condition can significantly impact patient comfort, prolong recovery, and increase healthcare costs due to delayed discharge or unplanned hospital admission. A multidisciplinary approach to risk assessment,

Post-Op Photophobia

Post-operative photophobia refers to abnormal light sensitivity experienced following ocular surgery. While some degree of photophobia may be transient and expected, persistent or severe symptoms warrant clinical investigation. Photophobia can emerge after procedures such as LASIK, cataract surgery, corneal transplants, or vitrectomy, indicating underlying inflammation, nerve hypersensitivity, or surgical complications. Common Causes of Post-Op Photophobia

Post-Op Ocular Inflammation

Post-operative ocular inflammation is a common response following various types of intraocular surgery, including cataract extraction, vitrectomy, and glaucoma procedures. While a mild inflammatory reaction is expected, excessive or prolonged inflammation may signify complications such as infection, tissue reaction, or iatrogenic injury. Timely recognition and management are essential to preserving vision and preventing structural damage.

Postoperative Gynecological Infection Due to Peptostreptococcus

Peptostreptococcus species are obligate anaerobic, Gram-positive cocci that are part of the normal flora in the vagina, gastrointestinal tract, and oral cavity. Despite their commensal status, these organisms can become pathogenic under surgical conditions. In gynecological surgeries, particularly those involving the uterus and adnexa, Peptostreptococcus may translocate into sterile areas, resulting in polymicrobial infections. It

Postoperative Gynecological Infection Due to E. coli

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common Gram-negative bacillus that resides in the lower gastrointestinal tract. While most strains are non-pathogenic in their natural habitat, their translocation during or after gynecologic procedures can lead to serious infections. E. coli is one of the most frequent bacterial pathogens isolated in post-op gynecological infections, particularly in pelvic

Postoperative Gynecologic Infection Due to Streptococcus

Streptococcus species represent a significant cause of postoperative gynecologic infections, particularly after procedures involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and adjacent pelvic structures. Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) are primary culprits, though other strains such as Streptococcus anginosus group can contribute to deep-seated abscesses and endometritis. Prompt diagnosis and

Postoperative Gynecologic Infection Due to Prevotella

Prevotella species, a group of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, are increasingly implicated in postoperative gynecologic infections. Commonly found as commensals in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract, they become pathogenic in surgical settings where mucosal barriers are breached. Among them, Prevotella bivia and Prevotella disiens are notably involved in pelvic infections post-gynecologic surgery,

Postoperative Gynecologic Infection Due to Porphyromonas

Postoperative gynecologic infections are significant complications following pelvic surgeries, such as hysterectomies, cesarean sections, and laparoscopic procedures. Anaerobic bacteria, including the Porphyromonas genus—particularly Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas endodontalis—have emerged as critical pathogens in these infections. These organisms, normally present in mucosal surfaces, become opportunistic pathogens in the altered surgical environment, posing serious risks to patient