Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, also referred to as oral thrush, is a fungal infection of the oral cavity and pharynx, primarily caused by the opportunistic yeast Candida…
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency
Ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency (OTC deficiency) is a rare X-linked urea cycle disorder resulting from a mutation in the OTC gene, which encodes the mitochondrial enzyme…
Organophosphorous Overdose
Organophosphorous (OP) compounds, widely used in agriculture as pesticides, pose significant health hazards when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed in excessive amounts. An organophosphorous overdose results…
Organophos Insecticide Poisoning
Organophosphate (organophos) insecticides are widely used agricultural chemicals that pose serious risks to human health upon exposure. Poisoning typically results from accidental ingestion, occupational exposure,…
Organ Transplant Rejection
Organ transplant rejection is a complex immunological response wherein the recipient’s immune system identifies the transplanted organ as foreign and mounts an attack against it.…
Oral Ulcers Associated with Behçet’s Disease
Behçet’s disease is a rare, chronic, multisystemic inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital lesions, ocular inflammation, and systemic involvement. One of the earliest…
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, autoimmune-mediated inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes of the mouth. Characterized by bilateral, white, lace-like lesions and,…
Oral Candidiasis
Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as oral thrush, is a fungal infection in the oral cavity caused predominantly by Candida albicans. It manifests as white,…
Optic Neuritis
Optic neuritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the optic nerve, the structure responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. This condition…
Opisthorchiasis
Opisthorchiasis is a significant parasitic infection caused by trematodes, primarily Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus. These liver flukes inhabit the bile ducts of humans and…