Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells lining the esophagus. It is the most common subtype of esophageal cancer worldwide, particularly prevalent in regions of Asia and Africa. The prognosis remains poor due to late-stage diagnosis and aggressive disease progression. This article explores the key aspects of ESCC,
Escherichia coli (E. coli), a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacillus, is widely known for causing urinary tract infections, sepsis, and intra-abdominal infections. However, its role as a pathogen in pneumonia is often overlooked. E. coli pneumonia, though less common than other bacterial pneumonias, is a significant concern, particularly in hospital-acquired settings. This article delves into the
Escherichia coli (E. coli) meningitis is a life-threatening bacterial infection that primarily affects neonates and immunocompromised individuals. It is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis, particularly in preterm infants. The E. coli K1 strain is responsible for the majority of cases due to its enhanced ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Causes and Risk
Erythroid leukemia, also known as acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) or erythroleukemia, is a rare and aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It primarily affects the erythroid precursor cells responsible for red blood cell production in the bone marrow. This malignancy leads to ineffective hematopoiesis, severe anemia, and systemic complications. Pathophysiology of Erythroid Leukemia Erythroid
What is Erythroblastic Anemia? Erythroblastic anemia is a rare hematological disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in nucleated red blood cell precursors (erythroblasts) in the bloodstream. This condition is often associated with ineffective erythropoiesis and can be a result of underlying diseases affecting the bone marrow or red blood cell production. Causes of Erythroblastic Anemia
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a severe immune-mediated complication of lepromatous and borderline lepromatous leprosy. It is classified as a Type 2 leprosy reaction, resulting in painful skin nodules, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ involvement. ENL significantly contributes to morbidity in affected individuals, often necessitating prolonged treatment and medical intervention. Pathophysiology of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum ENL
Erysipelothrix endocarditis is a rare but serious form of bacterial endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium. This zoonotic pathogen primarily affects individuals with occupational exposure to animals, particularly swine, fish, and poultry. Due to its unique pathogenic mechanisms and resistance to common antibiotics, early diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial
Erysipeloid is a bacterial skin infection caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in animals and the environment. It primarily affects individuals handling fish, meat, and animal products, making it an occupational disease prevalent among butchers, fishermen, veterinarians, and farmers. This zoonotic infection presents mainly as a localized skin lesion but can
What Is Erosive Lichen Planus? Erosive lichen planus (ELP) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting mucosal surfaces, including the oral cavity, genital areas, and sometimes the skin. Unlike typical lichen planus, which manifests as papular eruptions, ELP presents with painful erosions and ulcerations, leading to significant discomfort and reduced quality of life. Causes and Pathogenesis
Erosive esophagitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and erosion of the esophageal lining. This damage often results from the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, a process known as gastroesophageal reflux. The esophagus, a muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach, becomes irritated when exposed to acidic gastric contents, leading to symptoms