Meningitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. The condition can be caused by infections (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic) or non-infectious factors (such as autoimmune disorders or drug-induced reactions). It is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring prompt medical attention. Types
Ménière’s disease is a chronic disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing. Characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss, it significantly impacts the quality of life. This condition is caused by an abnormal buildup of fluid in the inner ear, disrupting normal auditory and vestibular functions. Causes of Ménière’s Disease While
Melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It primarily affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions, with a high prevalence in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The bacteria reside in contaminated soil and water, infecting humans through direct contact, inhalation, or ingestion. Causes and Risk Factors Melioidosis is caused
Measles and rubella are highly contagious viral infections that can cause severe complications, including pneumonia, encephalitis, congenital disabilities, and even death. The Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine is a crucial public health intervention aimed at eradicating these diseases globally. Why Measles-Rubella Vaccination is Essential Measles-Rubella Vaccine Schedule The MR vaccine is typically administered in two doses: MR
The Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine is a highly effective immunization that protects against three serious viral infections: measles, mumps, and rubella. These diseases can cause severe complications, including pneumonia, meningitis, encephalitis, and birth defects. Widespread vaccination has drastically reduced global cases, but vaccine hesitancy and coverage gaps continue to fuel outbreaks. What Is the MMR Vaccine?
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to severe complications, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death. Vaccination remains the most effective method for preventing measles outbreaks and ensuring long-term immunity. The measles vaccine, often administered as part of the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella), has significantly reduced the global incidence of
Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a rare and aggressive form of leukemia characterized by an abnormal proliferation of mast cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It is classified as a subtype of systemic mastocytosis, a disorder involving excessive mast cell accumulation. MCL is associated with a poor prognosis due to its rapid progression
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a slow-growing, rare form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that arises from the marginal zone of lymphoid tissue. It is categorized into three subtypes: extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma), nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL), and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). Each subtype has distinct characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a slow-growing, rare form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that arises from the marginal zone of lymphoid tissue. It is categorized into three subtypes: extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma), nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL), and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). Each subtype has distinct characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that originates from B lymphocytes within the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles. MCL is aggressive and often diagnosed at an advanced stage, making early recognition and intervention critical. Causes and Risk Factors MCL is primarily linked to genetic mutations, particularly the translocation t(11;14),