Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a rare but serious autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of small blood vessels, leading to organ damage. It is a type of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) that primarily affects the kidneys, lungs, and nervous system. Unlike granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), MPA does not form granulomas. Causes and Risk Factors The exact cause
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder that affects the body’s ability to break down certain proteins and fats. It results from a deficiency in the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or defects in vitamin B12 metabolism. MMA leads to the accumulation of methylmalonic acid, causing severe metabolic acidosis and potential organ damage. Early diagnosis
Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer that lacks estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and HER2 protein expression. This makes it more challenging to treat compared to other breast cancer subtypes, as it does not respond to hormonal or HER2-targeted therapies. Understanding Metastatic TNBC What Makes TNBC Different? TNBC
Metastatic prostate carcinoma is an advanced stage of prostate cancer, in which malignant cells spread beyond the prostate gland to distant organs, most commonly bones, lymph nodes, liver, and lungs. Understanding its progression, treatment options, and prognosis is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes. Understanding Prostate Cancer Metastasis Prostate cancer originates in the
Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletion is a distinct subtype of lung cancer characterized by genetic mutations that drive tumor growth. Understanding its molecular profile is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies, improving prognosis, and enhancing patient outcomes. Understanding EGFR Exon 19 Deletion in NSCLC EGFR mutations
A metastatic malignant tumor of the anus occurs when cancer originating in the anal region spreads to distant organs such as the liver, lungs, or lymph nodes. This advanced stage of anal cancer poses significant treatment challenges and requires a multidisciplinary approach for management. Causes and Risk Factors Primary Causes Risk Factors for Metastasis Symptoms
Metastatic malignant melanoma is an advanced stage of skin cancer where melanoma cells spread beyond the original tumor site to other parts of the body. As one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, early detection and advanced treatment strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Understanding Metastatic Malignant Melanoma What Is Metastatic Melanoma?
Metastatic HER2-positive carcinoma of the breast is an advanced stage of breast cancer in which cancer cells overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and spread beyond the breast to distant organs. HER2 amplification drives aggressive tumor growth, making targeted treatment strategies essential for improving patient outcomes. Understanding HER2-Positive Breast Cancer HER2-positive breast
Metastatic HER2-low carcinoma of the breast is a newly recognized subset of breast cancer characterized by low HER2 expression. It represents a significant proportion of cases previously categorized as HER2-negative. Advances in treatment strategies have led to new targeted therapies, offering hope for improved patient outcomes. Understanding HER2-Low Breast Cancer HER2 (human epidermal growth factor
Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) is an advanced stage of prostate cancer where cancer cells have spread beyond the prostate gland to other parts of the body, such as bones, lymph nodes, or visceral organs. Unlike castration-resistant prostate cancer, mCSPC still responds to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which lowers testosterone levels to slow disease progression.