Diseases

Neonatal herpes meningoencephalitis is a life-threatening central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), primarily HSV-2 and, less commonly, HSV-1. It affects newborns during or shortly after birth, leading to severe neurological damage and high mortality rates if untreated. Despite advances in antiviral therapy, early diagnosis and intervention remain critical in

Neonatal Group B Streptococcal (GBS) septicemia is a severe bacterial infection affecting newborns, leading to sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. GBS, caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, is a leading cause of early-onset and late-onset neonatal infections, with transmission occurring vertically from the mother during childbirth or postnatally from caregivers. Despite routine prenatal screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis

Neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease primarily affecting preterm infants who require prolonged oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. It results from lung immaturity, inflammation, and oxygen toxicity, leading to impaired alveolar development and long-term respiratory complications. Advances in neonatal intensive care have improved survival rates in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants,

Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a rare but severe complication of bacterial pneumonia characterized by extensive lung tissue necrosis, abscess formation, and cavitary lesions. It is associated with high morbidity and requires prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment to prevent respiratory failure and sepsis. The condition is most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella

Necrotizing fasciitis streptococcus infection: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing bacterial infection that destroys the soft tissues and fascia, leading to severe complications if not treated promptly. Often referred to as a “flesh-eating” disease, necrotizing fasciitis is commonly caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS), though other bacterial strains can contribute. Immediate medical intervention is

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe and potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal disease that primarily affects premature and low-birth-weight infants. This condition leads to inflammation and necrosis (tissue death) of the intestinal lining, which can result in perforation and systemic infection. NEC is one of the most common and serious gastrointestinal disorders in neonatal intensive care units

Necator americanus is a species of hookworm that infects humans, causing anemia and other health complications. This parasitic nematode primarily affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions, where poor sanitation and contaminated soil contribute to its transmission. Understanding the infection’s lifecycle, symptoms, and treatment is crucial for effective management and prevention. Lifecycle and Transmission of

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare but aggressive type of head and neck cancer that originates in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose. Unlike other head and neck cancers, NPC is strongly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and has a distinct geographical prevalence, being more common in Southeast Asia