Non Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Exon 19 Deletion: Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies that together represent approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Among these, EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations account for nearly 45% of all EGFR mutations and are particularly significant due to their strong sensitivity
Non small cell lung cancer with braf v600e mutation: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the majority of lung cancer diagnoses worldwide, with several molecular alterations guiding treatment decisions. Among these, the BRAF V600E mutation stands out as a significant oncogenic driver. Though relatively rare, occurring in approximately 1–4% of NSCLC cases, this mutation leads
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. It encompasses several histological subtypes, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. This form of lung cancer tends to grow and spread more slowly than small cell lung cancer (SCLC), allowing for more varied and potentially curative treatment options.
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) comprises a heterogeneous group of urothelial malignancies confined to the mucosa (Ta, carcinoma in situ) or submucosa (T1) of the bladder wall, without invasion into the muscularis propria. Among these, carcinoma in situ (CIS) represents a high-grade, flat, and aggressive form of NMIBC, often associated with a high risk of
Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is a clinically distinct phase of prostate cancer characterized by biochemical progression despite androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), in the absence of detectable distant metastases on conventional imaging. Patients typically present with a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level while maintaining castrate levels of testosterone (<50 ng/dL). This condition demands proactive therapeutic
Non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye is a serious inflammatory condition that involves the choroid, retina, and vitreous humor. Unlike infectious uveitis, it is not caused by microbial agents but rather by autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms. This sight-threatening condition demands prompt diagnosis and long-term management due to its potential to cause irreversible
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of blood cancers that affect the lymphatic system, part of the body’s immune defense. Unlike Hodgkin’s lymphoma, NHL is defined by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells and includes a wide variety of lymphoid malignancies arising from B-cells or T-cells. NHL can manifest in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow,
Non CNS Manifestations of Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency: Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the SMPD1 gene, resulting in reduced or absent activity of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) enzyme. This deficiency leads to the accumulation of sphingomyelin and other lipids in various tissues, particularly within the reticuloendothelial system,
Nocardiosis is a rare but potentially severe opportunistic bacterial infection caused by species of the Nocardia genus. These gram-positive, filamentous bacteria primarily affect the lungs, central nervous system (CNS), and skin. While nocardiosis can develop in healthy individuals, it predominantly occurs in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, and individuals undergoing
Niemann Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare, inherited lysosomal storage disorder that affects lipid metabolism, leading to progressive neurological decline. It results from mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 gene, which disrupt cholesterol and lipid transport within cells, causing toxic accumulation in the brain, liver, and spleen. NPC primarily affects children but can