Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired hematologic disorder marked by chronic intravascular hemolysis, bone marrow failure, and a heightened risk of thrombosis. It…
Paratyphoid Fever
Paratyphoid fever is a systemic bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, and Paratyphi C. It is part of the enteric…
Parathyroid Hyperactivity Localization
Parathyroid hyperactivity, typically associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, results from excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Accurate localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue is essential to guide…
Parathyroid Carcinoma with Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare but aggressive endocrine malignancy originating from the parathyroid glands. It accounts for less than 1% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases yet…
Parasitic Infection
Parasitic infections remain a significant global health concern, especially in regions with limited access to clean water, sanitation, and healthcare. A parasitic infection occurs when…
Paraganglioma
Paragangliomas are rare, typically benign neuroendocrine tumors arising from the paraganglia—a collection of chromaffin cells located outside the adrenal glands. These tumors are closely related…
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic granulomatous fungal infection caused primarily by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. Endemic to Latin America, particularly Brazil, PCM primarily affects…
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (pNET)
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are a rare subset of pancreatic neoplasms that originate from the hormone-producing islet cells of the pancreas. Unlike the more common…
Pain Due to Osteoblastic Bone Metastasis
Osteoblastic bone metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells to the bone, resulting in abnormal bone formation. Unlike osteolytic lesions that involve bone degradation,…
Paget’s Disease of Bone
Paget's disease of bone, also known as osteitis deformans, is a chronic skeletal disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling. This condition leads to the excessive…