Follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a slow-growing form of lymphoma that primarily affects B lymphocytes, the immune cells responsible for producing antibodies. It is…
Refractory Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease occurs when the infection persists or progresses despite appropriate guideline-based therapy for at least 6 months. As part…
A refractory malignant tumor of the testis refers to a testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) that does not respond to standard first-line chemotherapy or recurs…
Refractory Ewing’s sarcoma refers to cases where the disease does not respond to initial chemotherapy regimens or recurs after an initial period of remission. This…
Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia characterized by the destruction of red blood cells at low temperatures due to the presence…
The reduction of allogeneic blood transfusion in surgery has become a cornerstone of modern surgical and anesthetic practice. Our primary aim is to optimize patient…
Recurrent pericarditis is defined as the reappearance of pericardial inflammation after a symptom-free interval of four to six weeks following an initial episode. It represents…
Recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex is characterized by repeated outbreaks of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, affecting the skin and mucous membranes. The causative agents, HSV-1…
Recurrent herpes simplex labialis (HSL) is the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) manifesting predominantly as vesicular lesions on the lips and perioral…
Recurrent herpes genitalis is a common manifestation of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, although herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may also be…