Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease characterized by the softening of bones due to impaired bone mineralization. It predominantly occurs in adults and is commonly…
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), commonly referred to as brittle bone disease, is a rare, inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by extreme bone fragility, recurrent fractures, and…
Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive breakdown of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, and inflammation of the…
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, also referred to as oral thrush, is a fungal infection of the oral cavity and pharynx, primarily caused by the opportunistic yeast Candida…
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency
Ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency (OTC deficiency) is a rare X-linked urea cycle disorder resulting from a mutation in the OTC gene, which encodes the mitochondrial enzyme…
Oral Ulcers Associated with Behçet’s Disease
Behçet’s disease is a rare, chronic, multisystemic inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital lesions, ocular inflammation, and systemic involvement. One of the earliest…
Oral Candidiasis
Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as oral thrush, is a fungal infection in the oral cavity caused predominantly by Candida albicans. It manifests as white,…
Opisthorchiasis
Opisthorchiasis is a significant parasitic infection caused by trematodes, primarily Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus. These liver flukes inhabit the bile ducts of humans and…
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a chronic, relapsing medical condition characterized by the compulsive use of opioids despite harmful consequences. It involves both physical dependence…
Opioid Overdose
The global opioid crisis has emerged as a significant public health emergency. Opioid overdose, a leading cause of preventable death, results from the excessive consumption…