Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is a group of biologically similar cancers originating from the squamous epithelium lining the oral cavity,…
Sprains and Strains
Sprains and strains are among the most frequent musculoskeletal injuries encountered in both athletic and non-athletic populations. While they share similar symptoms, their underlying pathology…
Spinal Anesthesia
Spinal anesthesia, also known as subarachnoid block or spinal block, is a form of regional anesthesia that involves injecting a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid…
Sore Throat
A sore throat, clinically known as pharyngitis, is a common condition that affects individuals of all ages. It is characterized by pain, irritation, or scratchiness…
Solid Tumors with Neurotrophic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Solid tumors with NTRK gene fusion represent a rare but actionable subset of malignancies driven by genetic alterations in neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes.…
Soft or Connective Tissue Sarcoma
Soft or connective tissue sarcoma refers to a diverse group of malignant tumors that arise in the soft tissues of the body, including fat, muscles,…
Smoking Cessation
Smoking cessation remains one of the most critical steps individuals can take to improve health, reduce the risk of disease, and increase longevity. As a…
Smallpox Vaccination
Smallpox vaccination has played a pivotal role in one of the greatest achievements in medical history—the global eradication of smallpox. Although routine immunization ceased decades…
Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma with 17p Deletion
Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) with 17p deletion represents a high-risk subset of this indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The loss of the short arm of chromosome…
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive form of lung cancer characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis. Accounting for approximately 10–15% of…