What is Chagas Disease? Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This disease primarily affects people in Latin America but has spread to other regions due to migration and travel. It is a vector-borne disease, predominantly transmitted by the triatomine bug, commonly referred
Central retinal vein occlusion with macular edema (CRVO) is a significant retinal vascular disorder characterized by the obstruction of the central retinal vein, leading to retinal damage. A frequent complication of CRVO is macular edema, which results in swelling of the macula due to fluid accumulation. This combination can severely impair vision, making early diagnosis
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It primarily affects the small intestine, leading to inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining. This damage impairs nutrient absorption, causing a wide range of symptoms and potential complications. Symptoms The symptoms of celiac
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid precursors. Among the various subtypes, CD33-positive AML represents a critical subset with distinct diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic considerations. This article delves into the essential aspects of CD33-positive AML, including its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and evolving treatment paradigms. Pathophysiology
CD30-positive mycosis fungoides (MF) represents a rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) characterized by the overexpression of the CD30 protein on tumor cells. This condition often presents unique clinical features and requires specialized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This article provides an in-depth examination of CD30-positive mycosis fungoides, addressing its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria,
CD20-positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma characterized by the expression of the CD20 protein on the surface of malignant cells. This condition encompasses various lymphoid malignancies, which differ in aggressiveness, prognosis, and response to treatment. Understanding its clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities is essential for effective disease management. What
Cataplexy, a hallmark symptom of narcolepsy, significantly impacts individuals by causing sudden muscle weakness triggered by strong emotions. Understanding the interplay between cataplexy and narcolepsy is essential for early diagnosis and effective management. This article provides a detailed overview of the condition, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. What Is Cataplexy? Cataplexy is characterized
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a form of prostate cancer that continues to progress despite androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which is a cornerstone treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Understanding the complexities of CRPC, its treatment options, and management strategies is vital for healthcare professionals and patients alike. What is Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer? CRPC is defined
Carnitine deficiency is a metabolic condition that occurs when the body lacks sufficient carnitine, a compound essential for energy production. This article explores its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options, providing a thorough understanding for individuals seeking clarity and solutions. Carnitine is a naturally occurring compound synthesized in the liver and kidneys from amino acids
Atrial flutter is a common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by a rapid and irregular atrial rhythm. Left untreated, it may lead to complications such as stroke, heart failure, or chronic atrial fibrillation. Cardioversion is a primary treatment strategy aimed at restoring normal sinus rhythm. This article explores the intricacies of cardioversion for atrial flutter, including indications,