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Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). It is transmitted primarily through ingestion of contaminated food or water or direct contact with an infectious person. Although rarely fatal, hepatitis A can cause severe illness, particularly in older adults and those with pre-existing liver conditions. Understanding HAV Transmission

Vertigo is a disorienting condition characterized by the false sensation of spinning or motion. It stems primarily from dysfunction in the vestibular system, which includes the inner ear and parts of the brain responsible for balance. Contrary to common belief, vertigo is not a disease itself but rather a symptom of various underlying medical conditions.

Verruca vulgaris, commonly referred to as the common wart, is a benign skin lesion resulting from infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily types 2 and 4. These lesions are characterized by their rough, raised surface and commonly appear on the hands, fingers, knees, and other trauma-prone areas of the skin. Though non-cancerous, verruca vulgaris

Verruca plana, commonly referred to as flat warts, are benign epidermal proliferations caused by specific strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV types 3, 10, 28, and 49. These lesions are most prevalent in children and young adults, often appearing in clusters on the face, neck, hands, and extremities. Unlike common warts, they are

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, bilateral, and recurrent allergic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the conjunctiva and cornea. It predominantly occurs in children and young adults, especially in males, and has a strong association with seasonal allergic responses. VKC is most prevalent in warm, dry climates and tends to exacerbate during spring and summer. Epidemiology

Vernal keratitis, a severe form of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), represents the corneal involvement in this chronic, recurrent ocular allergic condition. Predominantly affecting children and adolescents, especially males in hot and arid climates, this disease can result in substantial visual impairment if left untreated. It is marked by persistent inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea, leading

Vernal conjunctivitis, also known as vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), is a recurrent, bilateral, and chronic allergic eye disorder predominantly affecting children and adolescents. It is most common in warm, dry climates and tends to intensify in the spring and summer, hence the term “vernal.” VKC is a severe form of allergic conjunctivitis characterized by conjunctival inflammation