Diseases starting with T. Access reliable information on symptoms, causes, and treatments to take charge of your health.
Transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) is a rare, autosomal dominant, adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the TTR (transthyretin) gene. The disease is characterized by progressive peripheral and autonomic neuropathy due to extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils derived from misfolded TTR proteins. TTR-FAP is a form of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR), typically involving the
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), also known as urothelial carcinoma, is the most prevalent type of cancer affecting the urinary tract. Originating in the urothelium—the specialized epithelial lining of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis—TCC accounts for over 90% of bladder cancers and a significant proportion of upper urinary tract malignancies. This malignancy demonstrates variable behavior,
Transient cerebral ischemia, commonly known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini-stroke, represents a temporary disruption in the blood supply to the brain. While symptoms typically resolve within minutes to hours, the episode serves as a crucial warning sign of a potential full-blown stroke. Early recognition, prompt evaluation, and targeted management can significantly reduce
Transfusion reaction urticaria, commonly classified as a mild allergic transfusion reaction, manifests as an acute hypersensitivity response during or shortly after the administration of blood products. It is predominantly characterized by pruritic wheals (hives) and erythema, often without systemic complications. Although generally benign, prompt identification and management are essential to ensure patient safety and to
Trachoma is a highly contagious, chronic eye infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. This condition, classified as a neglected tropical disease (NTD), primarily affects populations living in impoverished, overcrowded areas with limited access to clean water and sanitation. The disease is both preventable and treatable,
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), while essential in patients unable to meet nutritional needs enterally, carries the risk of hepatic complications, most notably TPN-associated cholestasis. This condition, particularly prevalent among neonates and critically ill patients, involves impaired bile flow, leading to hepatobiliary dysfunction. Early recognition and proactive management are vital to reducing the incidence and long-term
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan capable of infecting most warm-blooded animals, including humans. Although infections are frequently asymptomatic in healthy individuals, toxoplasmosis poses significant health threats to pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. Preventive measures play a pivotal role in limiting transmission and safeguarding public health, particularly in high-risk groups.
Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite of global concern. This pathogen affects both humans and warm-blooded animals and is primarily transmitted through ingestion of oocysts or tissue cysts. While the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic, toxoplasmosis poses severe risks to immunocompromised individuals and fetuses when transmitted during pregnancy.
Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Toxocara species, primarily Toxocara canis (from dogs) and Toxocara cati (from cats). It is a zoonotic disease that affects humans when infective eggs are accidentally ingested. Although often asymptomatic, the condition can lead to significant complications in certain individuals, particularly children and those with compromised
Phenobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate widely used in the treatment of epilepsy, status epilepticus, and certain withdrawal syndromes. It exerts its effect by enhancing the inhibitory actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at GABA-A receptors, promoting sedation, anticonvulsant activity, and hypnosis. Phenobarbital is favored for its effectiveness and long half-life, which allows for once-daily dosing. However,