Diseases starting with T. Access reliable information on symptoms, causes, and treatments to take charge of your health.
Tuberculosis (TB) prophylaxis represents a critical component of global TB control strategies. It involves targeted interventions to prevent latent TB infection (LTBI) from progressing to active disease or to protect uninfected individuals from acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). This is particularly vital among high-risk groups such as immunocompromised individuals, close contacts of infectious TB cases,
Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is the most severe manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with high mortality and neurological morbidity. While standard antitubercular therapy (ATT) forms the cornerstone of treatment, adjunctive interventions are essential to modulate inflammation, reduce complications, and improve neurological outcomes. Adjunct therapies in TBM encompass pharmacological agents such as corticosteroids, immunomodulatory treatments, and surgical management
Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM), also known as tuberculous meningitis, is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, involving inflammation of the meninges due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TBM presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings. Pathogenesis of TB Meningitis Tuberculosis meningitis develops as a complication of
Tropical sprue is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder primarily affecting individuals residing in or traveling to tropical regions. It is characterized by malabsorption of nutrients due to abnormalities in the small intestine’s mucosal lining. The condition mimics celiac disease but is unrelated to gluten sensitivity and instead associated with an unidentified infectious etiology. Epidemiology and Geographic
Trimetrexate, a potent dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, is an antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agent primarily used in the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with HIV/AIDS. It has also been explored in various cancers including colorectal carcinoma and lymphomas. Despite its therapeutic potential, trimetrexate is associated with significant toxicity risks. This article
Trimethoprim, often combined with sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), is a widely prescribed antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. While generally well tolerated, trimethoprim can lead to serious and potentially life-threatening toxicity in certain individuals, particularly those with renal impairment, elderly patients, or those on
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by sudden, severe, electric shock-like pain affecting the face. The pain typically follows the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for sensory function in the facial region. Trigeminal neuralgia significantly impairs quality of life and demands a structured diagnostic and therapeutic approach to ensure
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose represents a serious medical emergency due to its narrow therapeutic index and significant cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. Prompt recognition and evidence-based intervention are vital to improve survival and reduce complications. TCAs, commonly prescribed for depression, neuropathic pain, and insomnia, include drugs such as amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, and doxepin. Pathophysiology of Tricyclic
Trichuriasis, also known as whipworm infection, is a significant soil-transmitted helminthic disease caused by Trichuris trichiura. This parasitic nematode inhabits the human large intestine, particularly the cecum and ascending colon. With hundreds of millions affected globally, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, trichuriasis poses a considerable burden on public health, especially among children. Understanding Trichuris
Trichostrongyliasis is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by nematodes of the genus Trichostrongylus, primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract. This soil-transmitted helminthiasis is prevalent in regions where humans live in close contact with herbivorous animals, resulting in significant public health concern due to its morbidity and diagnostic challenges. A detailed understanding of its epidemiology, clinical manifestations,