Health conditions and diseases starting with S. Understand symptoms, causes, and treatment options to make informed health choices.
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. This chronic condition is endemic in regions with poor water sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Asia, the Middle East, and South America. The disease results from an immune response to the eggs of the parasite
Scarlet fever is a bacterial illness primarily affecting children aged 5–15. Caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS), the same bacteria responsible for strep throat, it presents with a distinctive red rash, sore throat, and high fever. Although once considered a serious childhood illness, early diagnosis and antibiotics have significantly reduced its severity and complications. Etiology
Scalp psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that manifests as scaly, itchy, and inflamed patches on the scalp. It is a subtype of plaque psoriasis, an immune-mediated disease that accelerates the turnover of skin cells, leading to thickened plaques and silvery-white scales. Though not contagious, scalp psoriasis significantly affects quality of life due to
Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis mite. It leads to intense pruritus, particularly at night, and is transmitted through prolonged skin-to-skin contact. Globally, scabies affects over 200 million people at any time and remains a significant public health burden, especially in crowded living environments and among vulnerable
Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that predominantly affects the lungs and lymphatic system, though it can involve virtually any organ. Characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas, this condition presents with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. The disease affects individuals of all ethnicities and ages
Salpingitis refers to the inflammation of one or both fallopian tubes and represents a significant component of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Often caused by ascending bacterial infections, it has the potential to result in chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility if not promptly diagnosed and treated. This gynecologic condition is especially prevalent among sexually
Salmonella septicemia is a serious bloodstream infection caused by the dissemination of Salmonella bacteria beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike localized salmonellosis, which primarily presents as self-limiting gastroenteritis, septicemia involves systemic spread, leading to life-threatening complications if not promptly treated. This condition typically occurs in immunocompromised individuals, patients with chronic illnesses, or in association with invasive
Salicylate intoxication is a potentially life-threatening medical emergency resulting from the ingestion of toxic doses of salicylate-containing compounds, primarily aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). This condition can arise from acute overdose or chronic therapeutic overuse, leading to systemic toxicity that affects multiple organ systems. Timely identification and intervention are essential to mitigate serious complications such as metabolic