Health conditions and diseases starting with S. Understand symptoms, causes, and treatment options to make informed health choices.
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare but serious condition that arises when a significant portion of the small intestine is removed or rendered nonfunctional. This can result in severe malabsorption, as the small intestine is essential for the absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes. Patients with SBS often experience challenges with digestion and nutrient
Shingles, medically known as Herpes Zoster, is a painful viral infection that occurs when the dormant varicella-zoster virus (the same virus responsible for chickenpox) reactivates in the body. This reactivation often results in a painful, blistering rash, most commonly affecting one side of the body. While shingles can occur at any age, the risk significantly
Sheep liver fluke infection, scientifically termed fasciolosis, is a parasitic disease caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica. This flatworm primarily affects the liver and bile ducts of sheep and other ruminants, causing considerable economic loss in the livestock industry. The condition is globally prevalent, especially in regions with wet pastures that support the intermediate snail
Sézary disease, also referred to as Sézary syndrome, is a rare and aggressive leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). This hematologic malignancy is marked by the presence of malignant T-lymphocytes—called Sézary cells—in the skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Distinguished from its less aggressive counterpart, mycosis fungoides, Sézary disease features systemic involvement and diffuse
Sexually transmitted epididymo-orchitis is an inflammatory condition involving the epididymis and testicle, typically caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It primarily affects sexually active men under 35 years of age and represents a urologic emergency requiring prompt recognition and management to prevent complications such as infertility or abscess
Severe uncontrolled hypertension, defined as persistent systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg or diastolic ≥120 mmHg despite medication, presents a significant risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This condition often indicates inadequate therapeutic response, medication non-adherence, or underlying secondary causes. Without timely intervention, it may progress to hypertensive crisis with life-threatening end-organ damage. Pathophysiology of Persistent
Severe thrombocytopenia in refractory chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) represents a challenging clinical entity marked by persistent low platelet counts, often <30×10⁹/L, despite multiple lines of therapy. Refractory ITP is diagnosed when patients fail to respond to splenectomy or exhibit ongoing bleeding risk due to severely depressed platelet levels. This condition necessitates personalized, multi-modal treatment
Severe recalcitrant psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder characterized by thick, scaly plaques that persist despite conventional therapy. This condition represents a subset of psoriasis cases resistant to topical agents, phototherapy, and even systemic medications. Persistent inflammation, patient-specific immune responses, and comorbidities complicate treatment outcomes. A structured, individualized therapeutic approach is imperative for effective
Severe recalcitrant nodular rosacea represents a rare and complex manifestation of rosacea, marked by chronic inflammatory nodules that are unresponsive to standard treatment modalities. This condition often overlaps with phymatous changes and persistent erythema, significantly impairing skin integrity and patient quality of life. A comprehensive approach is necessary, combining clinical precision, targeted pharmacotherapy, and long-term
Severe recalcitrant nodular acne is the most advanced and persistent form of acne vulgaris, characterized by deep, inflamed, and painful nodules that are resistant to conventional therapies. These lesions often extend into the dermis, causing tissue damage, scarring, and substantial psychological distress. Management of this condition necessitates a strategic, evidence-based approach involving systemic therapies and