Health conditions and diseases starting with S. Understand symptoms, causes, and treatment options to make informed health choices.
Anaerobic bacteria are a significant cause of skin and skin structure infections (SSTIs), particularly in polymicrobial wounds. These pathogens thrive in environments with low oxygen tension, such as devitalized tissue, necrotic wounds, abscesses, and deep surgical sites. Understanding the role of anaerobes in SSTIs is critical for timely diagnosis and effective intervention. Common Anaerobic Pathogens
Acinetobacter species, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, are gram-negative, opportunistic pathogens implicated in a range of healthcare-associated infections. Among these, skin and skin structure infections (SSTIs) pose significant challenges due to the organism’s ability to survive in hospital environments and its high resistance to antibiotics. SSTIs caused by Acinetobacter typically affect immunocompromised patients, trauma victims, burn patients,
Endotracheal intubation is a critical procedure in airway management requiring adequate suppression of airway reflexes and muscular activity. Skeletal muscle relaxation facilitates this by allowing optimal laryngoscopic view, minimizing trauma, and preventing patient movement. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) during rapid sequence induction (RSI) or elective intubation is standard practice to achieve profound
Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily targets the body’s exocrine glands—most notably the salivary and lacrimal glands—leading to dryness of the mouth and eyes. It can occur as a primary condition or in conjunction with other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Though often underdiagnosed due to its slow
Sitosterolemia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of plant sterols (phytosterols) in the body, particularly sitosterol. This condition disrupts cholesterol metabolism, leading to elevated cholesterol levels in the blood and premature cardiovascular disease. Sitosterolemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning a person must inherit two copies of the defective
Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, refers to inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses. It is a common clinical condition affecting millions globally, contributing to significant healthcare burden and diminished quality of life. Sinusitis may be acute or chronic, with etiologies ranging from infectious to structural or allergic triggers. Types of Sinusitis: Acute
Sinus tachycardia secondary to antipsychotic medication is a clinically significant yet under-recognized cardiovascular side effect encountered in psychiatric treatment. The interplay between neuroleptic drugs and cardiac conduction systems requires thorough understanding to ensure safe psychopharmacologic practice. Recognizing this adverse effect is vital in preventing misdiagnosis, optimizing therapy, and reducing cardiovascular risk. Pathophysiology: How Antipsychotics Induce
Sinus tachycardia is a condition where the sinoatrial (SA) node increases its firing rate, resulting in a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute while maintaining a normal rhythm. This physiological or pathological elevation in heart rate may be transient or persistent, depending on the underlying cause. Proper evaluation is essential to distinguish between appropriate
Sinus headache is characterized by pain and pressure in the face due to inflammation or infection of the paranasal sinuses. While commonly attributed to sinusitis, many cases initially diagnosed as sinus headaches may actually stem from migraines or other primary headache disorders. Accurate identification and targeted management are essential for long-term relief. Anatomy of the
Sinus bradycardia refers to a heart rhythm that originates from the sinoatrial (SA) node but at a rate slower than the normal resting threshold. Defined as a heart rate below 60 beats per minute in adults, this arrhythmia is often benign but can also signify an underlying pathological or physiological process depending on the clinical