Health conditions and diseases starting with S. Understand symptoms, causes, and treatment options to make informed health choices.
A sore throat, clinically known as pharyngitis, is a common condition that affects individuals of all ages. It is characterized by pain, irritation, or scratchiness in the throat, often worsening during swallowing. While most sore throats are mild and self-limiting, some can be indicative of serious infections requiring medical intervention. Understanding the underlying causes, appropriate
Solid tumors with NTRK gene fusion represent a rare but actionable subset of malignancies driven by genetic alterations in neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes. These fusions result in constitutively active TRK fusion proteins that drive oncogenesis across multiple tumor types. The discovery of these fusions has catalyzed the development of targeted therapies, transforming the
Solar lentigines, commonly referred to as age spots, sun spots, or liver spots, are benign pigmented lesions that develop due to prolonged ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. These lesions are a hallmark of photoaging and typically affect individuals over the age of 40, particularly those with lighter skin types. Although harmless, their appearance often leads patients
Soft or connective tissue sarcoma refers to a diverse group of malignant tumors that arise in the soft tissues of the body, including fat, muscles, nerves, fibrous tissues, blood vessels, or deep skin tissues. Though relatively rare, sarcomas are complex cancers that require accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies for optimal outcomes. What Is Soft
Social phobia, clinically recognized as social anxiety disorder (SAD), is a chronic mental health condition characterized by an intense fear of social or performance situations where embarrassment or scrutiny is possible. This debilitating condition can significantly impair daily functioning, work performance, relationships, and overall quality of life. Understanding Social Phobia: Definition and Scope Social phobia
Sneezing is a sudden, forceful expulsion of air through the nose and mouth, typically triggered by irritation in the nasal mucosa. Though often considered a minor nuisance, frequent or persistent sneezing can be indicative of underlying health issues ranging from allergies to infections. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the sneeze reflex, its common
Smoking cessation remains one of the most critical steps individuals can take to improve health, reduce the risk of disease, and increase longevity. As a leading cause of preventable death globally, tobacco use demands a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to support those ready to quit. In this guide, we explore scientifically validated methods, behavioral strategies, and
Smallpox vaccination has played a pivotal role in one of the greatest achievements in medical history—the global eradication of smallpox. Although routine immunization ceased decades ago, the smallpox vaccine remains an essential part of global biosecurity strategy. This article provides a comprehensive overview of smallpox vaccination, including historical milestones, vaccine types, immunological mechanisms, current use
Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) with 17p deletion represents a high-risk subset of this indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The loss of the short arm of chromosome 17, which harbors the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, profoundly alters the disease course, significantly impacting response to conventional therapies and long-term outcomes. Understanding the genetic implications of this deletion is
Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is an indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that is biologically and clinically similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These two conditions are considered different manifestations of the same disease entity—distinguished mainly by the location of the abnormal lymphocytes. While CLL primarily affects the blood and bone marrow, SLL manifests predominantly in